왕양명의 용장오도 다시 읽기

Abstract

This paper presupposed that Wang Yangming’s ‘the Sudden Enlightement in Longchang(龍場悟道)’ was the answer urged by his existential decision of ‘to become a Sage’, and defined that the series of his actions after ‘the Sudden Enlightement in longchang’ as ‘the embodiment of his determination to live as a Sage’. The central problem of this papere was to find out how ‘the sage of Wang Yangming School’ managed to endure in the critical situation of Longchang. After the Sudden Enlightement in Longchang, The three main activities implemented by Wang Yangming can be summarized as ‘Writing of The conjectural annotation of Five Classics (五經臆說)’, ‘the Improving relations with indigenous people’ and ‘The educational activities at Longang private Confucian academy.’ First, Wang Yangming’s annotation way in The conjectural annotation of Five Classics was an independent method of annotation based on ‘heart/mind’s substance (心體)’ and ‘Learning of the heart/mind(心學)’. His method of annotation is hard to find in the tradition of Confucianism. In addition, The conjectural annotation of Five Classics contained ideas of ‘Heart/Mind is the Principle(心卽理)’ and ‘The Unity of Knowledge and Action(知行合一).’ Next, I looked at the improvement of Wang Yangming’s relations with indigenous people. He thought that “the task of living like an ideal human being” was never related to the problem of the place. In particular, Wang Yangming insisted that although people in ‘Main China(中原)’ had splendid civilizations, but they were dirty because they were ambidextrous. On the other hand, he believed that although the natives in Longchang had a simple civilization, they were not shabby because they didn’t speak with a forked tongue. In addition, his relationship with the natives also ensured the goodness of human nature and the infinite possibilities of education. Finally, I looked at Wang Yangming’s educational activities in Longang private Confucian academy(龍岡書院). He defined the goal of education as ‘fulfillment of virtue(成德).’ For this purpose, he established ‘The doctrines for educating students in longchang(教條示龍塲諸生)’, which have an four-discipline: Tremendous determination, Studying hard, Reforming errors, Encouraging good doings. Above all, he pursued relationship-oriented happiness in which all students led each other to good. This showed that the ideal human being envisioned by Wang Yangming was not made up of what self-exclusive good perosn emphasized by Taoism and Buddhism, but rather to achieve good with the community.