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제주 오름의 식물 생육형별 종풍부도에 대한 경관 및 환경인자의 영향에 관한 연구

Study on the Influence of Landscape and Environmental Factors on Species Richness by Plant Growth form in the Oreums of Jeju Island

설아라|김진|이창배|최병기|서연옥|이민기|양주은|우준혁
농업생명과학연구원 (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)|2024|농업생명과학연구 (Journal of Agriculture & Life Science)|제58권 제6호|pp. 159-169|DOI 10.14397/jals.2024.58.6.159

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참고문헌

키워드

Environment factors환경인자경관인자식물 생육형오름종풍부도Landscape factorsOreumPlant growth formsSpecies richness

초록

본 연구는 제주시와 서귀포시에 분포하고 있는 22개 오름의 식물상 자료를 활용하여 식물 생육형별 종풍부도에 대한 경관(오름 면적, 오름 높이, 오름 임상 다양성, 500m 내 녹지 면적) 및 환경인자(기후인자, 토양인자)의 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 22개의 오름에서 총 153과, 486속, 870종의 식물이 관찰되었으며, 각 오름 내 종수를 활용하여 생육형별 종풍부도를 산출하였다. 식물의 생육형별 종풍부도의 제어인자를 추출하기 위해, 다모형추론법과 일반최소자승법을 수행했다. 그 결과, 오름 내 식물의 종풍부도를 제어하는 주요인자는 오름 면적, 높이 및 임상 다양성과 기후인자로 나타났다. 반면, 경관적 연결성을 대변하는 오름으로부터 500m 내 녹지의 면적과 토양인자는 종풍부도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 종-면적 관계 이론에 기반한 면적효과와 서식지 이질성 효과의 증가는 균등한 자원분배와 다양한 서식지 유형을 야기하여 식물의 종풍부도를 증가시키는 것으로 보인다. 연평균 기온 감소와 강수량 증가는 식물의 수분스트레스를 감소시켜 종풍부도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 기온 및 강수량에 따른 강한 환경 여과 효과는 이러한 기후조건에 간접적인 영향을 받는 토양인자와 분산 여과 효과정도를 대변하는 500m 내 녹지 면적의 효과를 상쇄시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 면적이 작고 서식지 유형이 단순한 오름은 종의 멸종과 개체수 감소에 대한 민감도가 높다는 것을 의미한다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 오름 내 서식지 이질성을 높이거나 환경에 적합한 식물종을 도입하는 등 경관 및 환경인자를 고려한 구체적인 관리전략이 도입되어야 함을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine control mechanisms of landscape such as area, height and forest stand type diversity of Oreum and green area within 500m of Oreum, and environmental factors (i.e., climate and soil factors) on species richness of plant growth forms using vegetation data from 22 Oreums located across Jeju Island. A total of 870 plant species with 153 families and 486 genera were observed in the Oreums. The species richness of each growth form (i.e., trees, shrubs, herbaceous, graminoids and ferns) was calculated as the number of species in each Oreum. To evaluate the importance of control factors for species richness of five growth forms, multi-model inference test and ordinary least squares regression were conducted. From the results, the main factors controlling species richness in Oreums were the area, height and forest stand type diversity of Oreums and climate factors (i.e., mean annual temperature; MAT, mean annual precipitation; MAP). However, the green area within 500m of Oreum, as a proxy of landscape connectivity, and soil factor were nonsignificant in controlling species richness. Based on the theory of species-area relationship, the increases in area and habitat heterogeneity appear to increase plant species richness by causing equal resource distribution and diverse habitat types. Decrease in MAT and increase in MAP were found to positive effect on species richness by reducing water stress of plants. Moreover, the strong environmental filtering effect of climatic conditions was found to offset the effects of soil factor and landscape connectivity. These results indicated that Oreums that small area and simple habitat type, is highly sensitive to species extinction and population decline. This study suggests specific management strategies considering landscape and environmental factors, increasing habitat heterogeneity within the Oreum or planting suitable species for the environment, should be adapted.

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