Las Construcciones Epistémicas ¿A que…?: Episteme y Organización de la Interfaz Sintaxis-Discurso
Spanish Epistemic Construction ¿A que…?: Episteme and Organization of the Syntax-Discourse Interface
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Este trabajo tiene por objeto ofrecer un análisis de las construcciones epistémicas del español encabezadas por a que dentro del marco teórico que considera la periferia izquierda oracional como interfaz entre la sintaxis y el discurso. El operador epistémico, que se ensambla en una posición alta en este margen oracional, determina el comportamiento sintáctico y semántico de las construcciones. Sintácticamente, la relación de sondeo desencadenada por los rasgos no interpretables de papeles discursivos califica al hablante de fuente de la manifestación epistémica; dicho operador selecciona también al oyente para satisfacer las condiciones interpretativas de estas construcciones. En el lado semántico, por otra parte, el operador toma la proposición en su alcance y la convierte en objeto respecto al que el hablante profiere su conocimiento. Además, su naturaleza como cuantificador proporciona la lectura de que el hablante expresa su casi total convicción sobre la validez de su conocimiento sobre el estado de cosas denotado por la proposición. El que estas construcciones solo se legitimen en las cláusulas matrices corrobora nuestro postulado de que se requiere la periferia izquierda plenamente desplegada con los estratos funcionales que se ocupan de anclar el enunciado epistémico en el hablante y el contexto discursivo para derivarlas satisfactoriamente.
Abstract
This article analyzes the Spanish epistemic constructions headed by a que within the framework that refers to the sentential left periphery as the syntaxdiscourse interface. The epistemic operator, merged at a high position in this sentential edge, determines their syntactic and semantic behavior. Syntactically, the probing operation triggered by its uninterpretable discourse role features attributes the source of the epistemic statement to the speaker; it also selects the hearer to satisfy the constructions’ interpretive conditions. Semantically, on the other hand, the operator takes the proposition in its scope to turn it into the object to which the speaker’s epistemic view is delivered. Furthermore, its being quantifier gives rise to the reading that the speaker is likely to be convinced that his/her knowledge on the state of affairs denoted by the proposition is true. The restriction that these constructions only can be licensed in the matrix clauses corroborates the current postulate that a full-fledged left periphery equipped with the functional projections serving to anchor the epistemic utterance to the speaker and the discourse context is required to derive them satisfactorily.
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