냉전초기(1950년대-60년대) 유엔의 위상변화
United Nations as an International Organization in the Early Period of Cold War(1950s-1960s)
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초록
본 논문은 냉전 초기 국제기구로서의 유엔의 한계와 가능성을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 유엔이 활동을 본격적으로 전개하기 시작한 시점에 미국과 소련의 이데올로기의 대립 또한 격화되어 가고 있었다. 유엔을 주도하는 두 국가의 이데올로기 대립이 해소되지 않는 한 유엔의 성공적 정착 또한 기대하기 어려웠다. 제3세계 국가들의 유엔 진출은 이러한 대립을 어느 정도 약화시킬 수 있었다. 제3세계 국가들은 일방적으로 어느 한 쪽의 입장에 경도되지 않고 다양한 목소리를 유엔 내에서 추구하기 시작하였다. 국제정치 무대에서 제3세계 국가들의 이러한 진출을 목격한 미국 또한 그들과의 협력적 관계 구축이 자국의 이익에도 부합한다는 사고의 전환을 하게 되었다. 유엔의 최고 행정집행자인 사무총장의 역할 증대도 냉전 초기 유엔의 위상정립에 기여하였다.
Abstract
This paper attempts to explore the limits and possibilities of United Nations in the early period of Cold War(1950s-1960s). When the UN started to establish itself as an international organization, the ideological conflicts between the United States and Soviet Union became to be intensified. The UN could not be expected to establish itself as an international organization if those two countries leading the directions of UN would continuously to struggle with each other in ideological terms. The advance of Third World countries into UN provided one of leeways to escape from the intensifying the ideological conflicts. Third World countries were not solely dependent upon the influences of those big powers, but tried to solidify their positions in the international politics. The United States recognized the necessity of change of international policies when it witnessed the growing powers of Third World countries. The United States began to reckon that siding with Third World countries might contribute to enhancing their national interests. Lastly, by trying to take balanced position between the great powers, the UN Secretary of General as a chief executor of UN also contributed to solidifying the UN in the earl period of Cold War.
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