이중(二重)의 고통스런 삶- 유대인 그리고 이방인

Abstract

Rose Ausländer, born in Bukowina and Mascha Kaléko, born in Galicia, are both Jews and strangers. Both have overcome their sad fate by writing. In other words, writing was their lifesaving tool. Both were among the most important German poets of the 20th century. For Ausländer, writing was synonymous with life and survival, as she herself wrote. Her poems differ from the Jewish poets, though they share common stories and language of the Jews. The first volume belongs formally and temporally to her first creative period, which followed the traditional laws of metric and rhyme, and at the same time proves her own tone in her poetry, by the extreme experience of the Shoah changes. The poet's relation to the German language as her mother tongue and the language of her poetic production as well as to the problems of speaking and silence shows us an absolute highlight of her art. She has realized the inner desire for home through the power of the Word and that also means the journey to the Self through writing. The verses of Kaléko are sparkling in tone and ingenious in the train of thought and came well with its mixture of sentiment, cynicism, melancholy worldview, swift joke and folksongness for the press and audience. However she is imposed by the Nazis a write ban and thus loses her job as a writer. Although she feared the loss of her native tongue and language too much, the family emigrated to the United States in 1938 as the Nazi attacks became more violent and found a home in New York. Here she earned the daily bread by making advertising slogans and only wrote casually. Many of her poems are full of homesickness, precocious disillusionment and secret despair such as the cycle “The Thousand Years”, in which she assesses her exile experiences critically-satirical. Her “Emigrant Monologue” is a sad song in which, in the tone of Heinrich Heine, she brings to light a piece of her own life and suffering history. Finally, we can say that the two poets experienced the most brutal Nazis in world history and from there became a “survivor” who left the traces of the horrors and scars of history. Moreover they were able to overcome their lives by singing their hopes and sublimating the suffering and pain of time by writing.