성소수자 문제와 미국의 다문화 교사교육에 관한 탐색적 연구
Understanding sexual minority issues in multicultural teacher education in the American context
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단일문화권인 한국과 달리 언어적, 문화적, 인종적 다문화 사회로 알려진 미국은 성소수자에 대한 사회적 수용정도가 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 최근 미국 연방 대법원의 동성결혼 합법 판결로 인해 미국의 동성애자들은 더욱 개방적이고 공개적인 삶을 운영해나갈 수있게 되었다. 그러나 미국 교육학자들은 성소수자 논의에서 학교라는 영역은 이성애주의와 동성애혐오가 근본적으로 고착화되어 있어 내부에서 변화가 쉽지 않다고주장한다. 다행히 최근 다문화 교사교육을 중심으로 동성애 문제가 공식적인 교육과정의 일부로 다루어지는움직임이 일어나고 있다. 그러나 다양한 형태의 소수자를 위해 존재한다고 여겨지는 다문화 교육조차 성소수자 문제를 피상적으로 접근하고 있다는 비난을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 성소수자들의 인권에 대해 가장 적극적으로 반응하고 이에 대한 해결책을 교사를 통해 제안하는 미국 다문화 교사 교육과정을 주목한다. 또한 성소수자라는 새로운 주제를 교사교육에서 적용하는 과정에서 나타나는 가능성과 제한점을 분석함으로써 한국 교사교육에게 제안하는 시사점에 대해서도 함께 논의하고자 한다. 이 목적을 위해 미국 대학의 강의 계획서를검토하고 이 중 성소수자에 대한 체계적인 과제를 제시하는 대학교를 선별하여, 프로그램 속에서 미국 예비교사들이 동성애에 대한 부정적인 의식을 성찰하고, 성소수자들의 인권을 위해 자신이 어떤 역할을 감당해나갈지에 대한 생각의 변화과정을 분석하였다.
Abstract
As the U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled to legalize same-sex marriage, the American public is expected to move toward full acceptance of sexual minority issues. However, many teacher educators argue that the schools continue reinforce a culture of homophobia and heterosexism. Educators who are aware of this issue struggled to include sexual minorities issues into the existing teacher education programs. Although many universities in the U.S. cover these issues within their teacher education programs, they tend to be seen as a superficial add-on. This research examines how homo-sexual issues are covered within multi-cultural teacher education and finds implications for teacher education in Korea. This study reviewed the multi-cultural teacher education syllabus and checked whether homosexual issues were included. One teacher education program was selected in order to understand how prospective teachers perceive the current understanding and attitudes toward homosexual issues, and how to deal with prejudice and discrimination. The literature review introduced the main concepts of three feminism theories and provided an overview of homosexual issues within multicultural education
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