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교사가 제공하는 피드백 유형과 교실 피드백 환경 조성이 초등학생의 피드백 리터러시에 미치는 영향: 다층 잠재프로파일 분석의 적용

The Influence of Teacher’s Feedback Type and Classroom Feedback Environment Creation Affecting Feedback Literacy of Elementary School Students Using Multi-level Latent Profile Analysis

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본 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 피드백 리터러시 특성에 따른 잠재프로파일을 분류하는 것이다. 또한 도출된 잠재프로파일 분류에 학생 수준 및 학급 수준 요인이 미치는 영향을 파악하고 잠재프로파일별 학업적 자기조절 능력의 차이를 파악하는 데 있다. 분석을 위해 D지역 6개 초등학교의 42개 학급에서 5, 6학년 학생 881명을 표집하였으며, 자료의 위계적인 특성을 고려하여 2수준 다층 잠재프로파일 모형을 구성하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 피드백 리터러시 특성에 따라 3개의 잠재프로파일이 도출되었다. 피드백 리터러시의 각 지표변수가 모두 보통 수준 이하인 ‘하집단(221명, 25.08%)’, 평균적인 수준인 ‘중집단(357명, 40.52%)’, 모든 하위요인이 가장 높은 수준인 ‘상집단(303명, 34.39%)’으로 분류되었다. 각 집단의 분류에 영향을 미치는 학생 수준의 영향요인을 살펴보면 확인적 피드백, 정교화 피드백, 교사-학생 관계의 점수가 높을수록 ‘하집단’ 보다는 ‘중집단’이나 ‘상집단’에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 학급 수준에서는 피드백의 질이 높은 학급일수록 ‘하집단’ 보다는 ‘중집단’이나 ‘상집단’에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 그러나 피드백 전달이나 교사 가용성이 높은 학급일수록 ‘상집단’ 보다는 ‘중집단’이나 ‘하집단’에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 잠재프로파일별 학업적 자기조절의 평균 차이를 확인한 결과 ‘상집단’, ‘중집단’, ‘하집단’ 순으로 평균 차이가 유의하게 나타남을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 분석 결과를 통해 초등학교 교실현장에서 학생들의 피드백 리터러시 함양을 위한 교사의 형성적 피드백 제공 및 환경조성, 긍정적인 교사-학생 관계형성에 대한 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to classify the latent profiles according to the feedback literacy characteristics of elementary school students. In addition, the effect of student-level and class-level factors on the derived latent profile classification was investigated, and the mean differences in academic self-regulation for each latent profile were analyzed. For the analysis, 881 elementary school students in grades 5 and 6 were sampled from 42 classes located at 6 elementary schools in D city. Considering the hierarchical characteristics of the data, a multi-level latent profile model was constructed and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, three latent profiles were derived according to the feedback literacy characteristics. Based on each sub-factor of feedback literacy, the low-group (221 students, 25.08%), scored below the average level, the mid-group (357 students, 40.52%) represented the average level, and the high-group (303 students, 34.39%) scored above average. Students who positively perceived verified feedback, elaborated feedback, and teacher-student relationship were more likely to belong to the mid-group or the high-group than to the low-group. At the classroom level, a class which recognized the quality of feedback was more likely to belong to the mid or high- group than to the low-group. Analyzing the mean difference in academic self-regulation by latent profile, confirmed there was a significant difference in the order of the high-group, mid- group, and low-group. Through the analysis results, the implications of creating a formative feedback environment to improve students' feedback literacy in elementary school classrooms, building a positive teacher-student relationship, and providing various feedback were discussed.

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