총요소생산성과 성장잠재력: OECD 국가들의 연구개발 투자에 대한 거시적 분석
Total Factor Productivity and Growth Potential: A Macro-Perspective Analysis on R&D Investment in OECD Countries
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초록
본 연구에서는 성장잠재력의 핵심인 총요소생산성에 영향을 주고 있는 R&D의 결정요인을 OECD 국가들의 패널자료를 이용하여 거시적 관점에서 분석하였다. 기존 연구들과 달리 여기서는 R&D 투입을 단순히 외생변수로 간주하지 않고 그 자체를 성장전략 변수들에 의해 결정되는 내생변수로 보았다. 패널분석 결과 R&D 투입은 정부의 R&D 지원, 기업 간 협력, 산학연 협력 등의 변수들과는 긍정적 관계를 보인 반면 부가가치의 산업 집중도, 실질금리 등과는 부정적 관계를 보였다. 이러한 관계들은 OECD 국가들 중에서도 군집분석 결과 혁신주도형 시스템으로 분류된 국가들에서 더욱 두드러지게 나타났다. 우리나라는 혁신주도형 그룹에 속하므로 정부의 직접 지원뿐만 아니라 기업 간 및 산학연 네트워크 강화, 산업 경쟁도 및 다양성 제고 등을 통해 시스템의 효율성을 높임으로써 R&D를 질적․양적으로 개선할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the determinants of R&D in OECD countries. Unlike existing macro-perspective works, this paper views national R&D as an endogenous variable that is affected by strategic variables such as government support, networks, industry structure, and innovation environment. Panel analyses show that R&D is positively affected by government support, technological cooperation among firms and triple helix, and negatively affected by industry concentration in GDP, and real interest rates. These relationships turn out to be stronger in high-R&D-intensity countries. As Korea belongs to this group, it needs to improve both quantity and quality of R&D by strengthening networks among firms and triple helix, and promoting industry competition and diversity as well as government support.
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