유엔 안보리의 대(對)북한 제재 연구 - 분야별 주요 내용 및 주요국의 이행을 중심으로 -
United Nations Security Council Sanctions against North Korea - Analysis of sectoral measures and sanctions implementation -
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북핵 문제에 대한 전세계적 노력은 유엔 차원에서 지속되고 있다. 2006.8.9. 북한의 최초 핵실험 직후 유엔 안보리 결의 제1718호 채택으로 최초 대북제재가 도입된 이래 최근까지 유엔 안보리는 10개 대북제재결의를 채택하였고, 유엔 대북제재 조치는 지속적으로 강력해졌다. 제재(Sanctions)는 국제법상 정의가 존재하지 않기에 많은 논의가 있지만, 본 연구는 특히 유엔헌장 제7장 제41조에 근거하여 유엔 안보리가 ‘평화에 대한 위협, 평화의 파괴 혹은침략행위’를 한 국가를 상대로 국제 평화와 안전을 회복하기 위한 목적으로 동 국가의 행위변화를 강제하기 위해 취하는 비무력적 조치를 제재로 정의하고, 특히 북핵문제에 대응하여유엔 헌장 제7장 제41조에 근거하여 유엔 안보리 차원에서 취해진 제재를 연구 범위로 한정한다. 본 연구는 우선 유엔 안보리에서 부과하는 제재의 법적 기초 등 제재 일반론에 대한 국제법적 측면에서 설명하고, 이를 기초로 하여 유엔 안보리 대북제재를 주요 내용별로 분석한다. 그간 유엔 안보리 결의문별 분석은 많이 있었지만 유엔 안보리 결의문 전체 내용의 분야별 내용에 대한 정확한 분석은 이루어진 적이 없다. 하지만 실제 유엔 대북제재 관련 업무시우선 필요한 것은 현재 대북제재 내용의 분야별 분석 자료이다. 따라서 본 연구는 대북제재의 분야별 주요 내용을 면밀하게 분석함으로써 각 결의문별로 흩어져 있는 내용을 분야별로합치고, 어떻게 그 내용이 발전되어 왔으며 현재의 내용은 무엇인지까지의 포괄적인 분석을제공한다. 마지막으로는 유엔 안보리 대북 제재 주요 내용에 대해 평가를 하여 현재 대북제재 결의문상 문제점을 분석하며, 현재의 대북제재의 한계점을 드러내며, 향후 개선 방안을 제안하고 마무리한다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 국제사회의 다양한 제재에 대한 심도 깊은 연구가 지속될 수 있기를 기대해본다.
Abstract
North Korea's nuclear related activities have posed an imminent threat to international peace and security. The UN Security Council has been taking a leading role in taking collective measures in response to North Korea's nuclear tests and ballistic missile launches. From its initial adoption of the Resolution 1718 on 9 August 2006, for almost two decades, the UN sanctions on North Korea pursuant to existing ten(10) UN resolutions have become broader and stronger. This paper defines the concept of 'sanctions' as "UN Security Council's non-forcible measures imposed against a country threatening or breaching the peace- not upon the violator of international law as such to change its behavior, with an aim to restore international peace and security, based on Article 41, Chapter VII of the UN Charter." This paper's main focus is on the UN sanctions against North Korea to impede the country's advances in nuclear and ballistic missile weapons, which is deemed illicit under international law. This paper starts with explaining UN sanctions in general including their legal bases and types. It further provides an in-depth analysis of existing United Nations sanctions against North Korea based on sectoral approach. Compiling certain measures imposed by a number of Security Council Resolutions, this paper contributes to give exact and comprehensive pictures of the current North Korea sanctions regime. Finally, this paper reviews how much the North Korea sanctions regime under the UN has been developed and assesses some problems and limitations of existing resolutions' languages. It then casts doubt on whether current North Korea sanctions regime could be categorized as actual 'targeted sanctions' and considered 'well-implemented within a country's jurisdiction.' This paper concludes with recommendations to improve current UN sanctions regimes and states' practices of implementations through devising sanctions regimes more carefully and refraining from imposing unilateral sanctions.
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- "Sanctions"[URL]
- "Sanctions"[URL]
- "Further information on measures"[URL]
- "Humanitarian exemption requests"[URL]
- "List of Designated Vessels"[URL]
- "Materials"[URL]
- "Panel of Experts"[URL]
- "Prohibited items"[URL]
- "Sanctions"[URL]
- "FAQs"[URL]
