이자율 기간구조를 이용한 정책금리 변경의 효과 분석
Analyzing the Effect of Changes in the Benchmark Policy Interest Rate Using a Term Structure Model
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본고에서는 3요인 무재정거래(3-factor no arbitrage) 조건하에서의 이자율 기간구조를 추정하고 이를 이용하여 기간프리미엄의 추이 및 정책금리 변경의 유효성을 분석하였다. 기간프리미엄의 경우 3년물에서 높게 나타나고 있는데, 이는 장기적인 경제 상황보다 향후 3년 정도의 시계에서 경제의 불확실성이 높을 것이라는 투자자들의 인식을 반영한 것으로 해석된다. 한편, 최근 기준 지표금리의 변경에 따른 통화정책의 효과성을 살펴보기 위해 지표금리 변경시점을 전후로 하여 금융시장에서의 단기금리 변경이 채권시장의 수익률곡선의 형태에 미치는 효과를 분석해 보았다. 분석 결과, 금융시장에서의 대표적인 단기금리인 콜금리와 채권시장에서의 단기금리인 초단기이자율 간의 괴리가 지표금리 변경 이전과 비교하여 크게 확대된 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 이러한 괴리 확대가 새로운 기준금리에 대한 운용겸험 미숙에 연유한 것인지, 최근의 국제금융시장 불안에 따른 예외적인 경우인지는 현 단계에서는 명확히 결론짓기 어려우나 통화정책의 유효성을 제고하기 위해서는 이러한 괴리를 축소하는 통화정책 운용이 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
This paper estimates the term structure of interest rates with the setup of 3-factor no arbitrage model and investigates the trend of term premia and the effectiveness of changes in policy interest rates. The term premia are found to be high in a three-year medium term objective, which can be interpreted as reflecting the recognition of investors who expect a higher uncertainty in real activities for the coming three years than for a longer term. Then, in order to look into the effect of policy interest rates after the recent change of benchmark interest rate, this paper analyzes the effects of the changes in short-term interest rates of the financial market on the yield curve of the bond market at time of change. Empirical results show that the discrepancy between call rate, short-term rate in money market, and instantaneous short rate, short-term rate in the bond market, is found to be significantly widened, comparing to the periods before the change in benchmark interest rate. It is not easy to conclude clearly for now whether such a widening gap is caused by the lack of experiences with managing new benchmark interest rate or is just an exceptional case due to the recent turmoil in the global financial market. However, monetary policy needs to be operated in a manner that could reduce the gap to enhance its effectiveness.
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