수익률곡선 평탄화에 대한 불확실성의 영향
The Effect of Uncertainty on the Yield Curve Flattening
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글로벌 금융위기 이후 최근의 코로나19 팬데믹에 이르기까지 금융시장에서는 경제여건의 높은불확실성이 일상화되는 가운데 수익률곡선의 평탄화가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 금융시장의구조적 변화에 주목하여 불확실성과 수익률곡선간의 관계를 비재정거래 기간구조모형에 의해분석하였다. 기간구조모형의 수익률 결정요인에 불확실성을 추가하여 미래 기대단기금리와 기간프리미엄을 구해본 결과 불확실성은 두 가지 모두에 하락요인으로 작용하였다. 기대단기금리는 불확실성과정책금리간의 관계를 그리고 기간프리미엄은 안전자산 수요증가를 반영한 것으로 판단된다. 수익률곡선의 평탄화는 만기 5년 이상 장기 수익률에서 기대단기금리의 변동폭이 제한되면서 기간프리미엄이주도한 것으로 나타났다. 불확실성을 포함하지 않고 수준/기울기/곡률 등 전통적인 수익률 내재요인에의해 기대단기금리를 구해보면 상당 폭 낮은 수준으로 추정되어 통화정책 운영에 주의가 요구된다. 통화정책이 시장참가자들의 기대보다 완화적으로 운영되면 저금리 장기화의 방향으로 시장기대가수정되면서 금융불균형을 심화시킬 소지가 있기 때문이다.
Abstract
From the global financial crisis to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, high uncertainty in economic conditions has prevailed. And a flattening of the yield curve has become significant in the financial market. Considering these developments, this study analyzes the relationship between uncertainty and the yield curve based on the no-arbitrage affine term structure model. When adding uncertainty to the term structure model, it has acted as a downside factor for both the future average expected short-term interest rate and the term premium. The effects on the expected short-term interest rate reflect the relationship between uncertainty and the policy interest rate, and the term premium exhibits the increase in demand for safe assets. Regarding the flattening of the yield curve, as the expected short-term interest rate stabilizes beyond five years of maturity, the term premium plays a leading role in the movements of long-term interest rates. When estimating the expected short-term interest rate only through intrinsic determinants such as level/slope/curvature, it has shown a fairly low level compared to the model including uncertainty, requiring considerable attention in the operation of monetary policy. If monetary policy is more relaxed than the expectations of market participants, they will adjust expectations in the direction of prolonged low interest rates which results in deepening the financial imbalance.
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