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기업지배구조 특성을 고려한 경영자 과신성향과 발생액을 통한 이익조정실태

The Effects of corporate governance on relation between managerial overconfidence and earnings management

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참고문헌

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주제분류회계학

초록

본 연구는 경영자의 인지적 특성 중 과신성향에 초점을 맞추어 과신성향이 강한 경영자가 의사결정과정의 오류로 인해 발생하는 불이익을 해소하기 위해 회계이익을 상향 조정하는지 살펴보고자 한다. 또한, 본 연구의 핵심 연구주제인 기업지배구조가 경영자 과신성향이 야기한 부정적 영향에 어떠한 변화를 야기하는지 확인하고자 한다. 구체적으로, 본 연구에서는 경영자 통제장치로 기업집단 소속여부 및 이사회 독립성을 고려하여 자기과신 성향이 강한 경영자가 의도적으로 보고이익을 조정하는 의사결정을 이들이 완화하는 역할을 수행하는지 확인하고자 한다. 마지막으로, 경영자 과신투자성향이 재무보고 유인에 미치는 영향에 있어 경영자 특성을 반영하고자 경영자 지분 소유정도를 고려한다. 본 연구에서는 2001년부터 2012년까지 한국거래소에 상장되어 있는 12월 결산 법인(금융업제외)을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경영자 과신성향은 이익조정과 양(+)의 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업집단에 소속된 회사는 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 경영자가 지닌 과신성향에 의해 상향의 이익조정을 실시하는 경향이 완화되는 것을 발견하였다. 셋째, 이사회에서 사외이사가 차지하는 비중이 높을수록 경영자의 과신성향에 의한 독단적 의사결정으로 회계수치를 조작하여 상향의 이익조정을 실행하기는 쉽지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 경영자가 과신성향을 보일 때 이익조정에 미치는 영향은 경영자지분율이 높을수록 보고이익을 상향조정하는 형태로 나타날 가능성이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 과신성향을 가지는 경영자가 본인의 불이익을 모면하기 위해서 외부에 재무정보를 보고하는 과정에 의도적으로 개입하는 의사결정을 실시할 가능성이 높다는 근거를 실증분석 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한, 경영자 자기과신 문제와 관련하여 국내 기업지배구조 상황을 반영하여 연구를 진행함으로써 경영자 과신성향이 기업 경영활동에 미치는 부정적 영향에 어떠한 변화를 야기하는지 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해 우리나라 기업지배구조가 경영자를 효율적으로 통제하기 위한 감시·감독 체계가 정립되어 있는지 확인할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

Abstract

This study examines whether earnings management is associated with an individual characteristic of the CEO, termed overconfidence. This study also investigates the moderating effects of corporate governance on the relation between managerial overconfidence and earnings management behaviors. Using a sample of Korean-listed firms for the period 2001-2012, we determine the following: First, overconfident managers are more likely to have income-increasing discretionary accruals. Second, we find that a positive relation between managerial overconfidence and earnings management is less pronounced for firms which belong to Chaebol group. Third, strong board independence negatively moderates the positive relation between managerial overconfidence and earnings management. Finally, The impact of managerial overconfidence on earnings management is more pronounced at high levels of managerial ownership. We contribute to the literature by showing that overconfidence can explain a firm’s reporting incentives. Our study offers a practical implication that the unhealthy influence of managerial overconfidence on earnings management can be checked by a Chaebol group control mechanism, an independent board and levels of managerial ownership.

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