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감사수익성이 감사노력의 효과에 미치는 영향: 직급별감사시간을 중심으로

The Effect of Audit Engagement Profitability on Audit Quality: Based on the Per-Rank Audit Hours Data

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주제분류회계학

초록

감사보수 할인이 감사품질에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 지적이 최근 일부 연구에서 제기되어왔다(Bae et al. 2016; 배홍기 등 2017; 금융위원회 2017). 할인된 감사보수에 대응하기 위해 감사투입시간을 줄이거나, 낮은 직급의 투입 비중을 증가시킴으로서 감사품질이 저하될 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 2014-2016년 3년간의 직급별감사시간 자료를 이용하여 시간당보수로 측정한 감사수익성이 감사시간으로 측정한 감사노력과 이익조정으로 측정한 감사품질 사이의 관계에 미치는 영향을 검증하여, 감사보수 할인 환경이 감사효과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감사노력이 감사품질에 미치는 효과는 감사수익성이 높은 집단의 상위직급에서만 나타났으며, 감사수익성이 낮은 집단에서는 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 감사노하우를 갖춘 상위직급이라 하더라도 감사수익성이 확보될 때만 감사품질 개선 효과를 보여주었다. 셋째, 감사인의 계속감사기간이 감사노하우를 증가시켜 수익성 하락의 영향을 상쇄할 것이라는 기대와는 달리, 계속감사기간이 긴 집단 내에서도 감사수익성이 높은 집단에서만 감사효과가 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 감사수익성 하락이 감사품질을 저하할 것이라는 규제기관과 선행연구의 우려 및 신외감법상 제도 개선의 의의를 부분적으로 확인하였고, 더불어 노하우를 갖춘 상위직급 및 피감사기업에 대한 지식을 갖춘 감사인에 대해서도 감사수익성에 따라 효과가 달라지는 것을 확인함으로써, 근본적인 감사품질 개선을 위해서는 감사수익성 확보가 제도적으로 뒷받침되어야 한다는 점을 확인하였다. 현재 규제기관의 대책은 감사시간 확보에만 맞추어져 있는데, 경쟁적인 감사환경을 고려해 볼 때 감사수익성 보장에 대한 직접적인 대책이 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 더불어, 계속감사기간도 감사수익성과 함께 고려될 경우 감사효과를 증폭시키는 효과가 관찰되었으므로 계속감사기간을 보장하는 방향으로의 정책적 고려도 필요해 보인다.

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between audit engagement profitability proxied by hourly audit fees on audit quality. Recent studies and regulators have worried that audit fees discount may harm audit quality. Specifically, to respond to discounted audit fees auditors may decrease their level of audit hours or allocate more hours to the low-cost lower-level auditors, which directly impact audit quality, because less total audit hours or more time allocations to the unexperienced auditors means that the required audit procedures to maintain audit quality cannot be performed or can only be ineffectively performed. In this study, we tested whether the impact of audit effort proxied by audit hours on audit quality measured by discretionary accruals is affected by audit engagement profitability proxied by hourly fees, using the per-rank audit hours data disclosed from 2014. Our findings are as such. First, although we discovered the positive effect of audit effort on audit quality for the full sample, we failed to find the same effect for the low-profitable subsample. This means that engagement profitability affects audit quality by influencing the effectiveness of audit effort. Second, we found that even the experienced upper-level auditors failed to perform effective audits when the profitability is low. Last, such ineffectiveness of experienced auditors in the low profitability environment was the same for the long-tenured auditors, who accumulates enough customer-related knowledge. Our study implies that without engagement profitability neither the regulatory control for minimum audit hours introduced by the new standard audit hours system nor the audit efficiency of experienced auditors may not be able to guarantee audit quality. Therefore, we suggest that the regulatory body should consider regulating minimum audit fees also. Because we also found that the audit effects are the greatest when auditors are both long-tenured and highly profitable, we may suggest that the recent legislation to limit auditor tenure may not be an effective policy.

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