금관가야 토성에 관한 일고찰

Abstract

Until now, the researches on Geumgwan Gaya tended to be concentrated in the 3rd and 4th centuries which is the period when large-scale wooden royal tombs were built in Daesung-dong ancient tomb cluster. It was interpreted that Geumgwan-Gaya's influence in the 5th century would have declined rapidly based on the fact that no post - 5th century royal tombs were investigated in Daeseong-dong ancient tomb cluster before 2000s, the growth of Dae-Gaya and Silla after Goguryeo's southern Conquest, and the rapid growth of Bokcheon-dong ancient tomb cluster in Busan. The development of inland trade and the diversification of trading entities by the southward policy of Goguryeo after 400 years of Gwanggaeto the Great’s Southern Conquest would’ve gave a massive damage to the political and economic power of Geumgwan-Gaya who has been monopolizing the relay profits around maritime trade. In addition, the Geumgwan-Gaya’s ruling class must have felt the urgent need to transform the Geumgwan-Gaya’s society into a political-intensive structure after experiencing the changed international situation through the war against Goguryeo. In response, Geumgwan-Gaya's ruling class reorganized Geumgwan Gaya's administrative office area through the reclamation projects at Bongwhangdae area and constructions of earthen fortifications in the 5th century. In addition, the recorded document of King Jilji's efforts to organize the national system like the construction of royal temple and royal Wanghusa were shown in mid - 5th century which shows a lot of instigation to the view that Geumgwan-Gaya’s power have fallen rapidly since the Goguryeo’s Southern Conquest. Especially, the Jeoksim Building Site, which was recently excavated, is believed to be the first wooden pagoda to be discovered in the Gaya region, and is also believed to have been built in the 5th century. Considering this, it is estimated that the Geumgwan Gaya forces were still in place centering the Daeseong-dong ancient tomb cluster and the ruins of Bonghwang-dong after the Goguryeo's Southern Conquest, and that efforts were made to organize the state system through the maintenance of the administrative office and the construction of temples.