김해 봉황토성 성격 연구

Abstract

In ancient countries, the fortress was the center of political, economic, social and national affairs, and it is recognized as an important task to study the subject and purpose of the castle. Recently, as investigations and studies on Gaya fortresses have been carried out among the castle ruins investigated in various regions, access to the Gaya fortresses is gradually being made to some extent. Based on these researches, this paper compares and analyzes the construction method, fortification line, and internal and external spatial structure of Bonghwangtoseong, which are confirmed around the remains of Bonghwangdae in Gimhae, with those of various earthen fortresses in the Gaya region, in order to learn the character and construction background of Bonghwangtoseong. Recent investigations have confirmed that the earthen structure connected from the northeast to the south and west was proved by confirming the body parts where various construction methods were used in the southern and western parts of the Bonghwangtoseong Fortress. The construction process found at Bonghwangtoseong consists of eight main steps. Process Ⅰ is the preparation of the site through ground work and earthenware for ritual use, Process Ⅱ is the installation of beams, Process Ⅲ is the construction of an earthwork on designated pole, and process Ⅳ is the installation of a wall by embedding wooden beams in double rows on the inside and outside of the earthwork and reinforcing them with brown clay lumps inside, Ⅴ Process constructed the earth core by similarly constructing a double-walled wooden beam + clay wall to the height of the earth core, Ⅵ Process sloping the inner and outer walls of the earth core and Ⅶ Process reinforced the stone shaft on top of the sloped clay in the inner and outer walls, and step Ⅷ is to reinforce the root skin with clay soil mixed with yellow-brownish + shell ingredients, and it seems that the superaxial body part has been completed. Judging by the shape and relative age of the pottery excavated from the interior of the earthen fortress, it seems that the earthen fortress was continuously renovated and repaired from the 4th to the mid-5th century, but ceased to function after the late 5th to 6th century. As a result of re-examining the line of the earthen fortification through the remaining section of the fortification, it is judged that the existing southern and western sections continue inside Bonghwangdae-gil and return adjacent to the southern boundary of the Hoehyeon-ri mound. Based on this estimation line of reasoning, it was confirmed that the Bonghwangtoseong was used to defend and manage the residential, production, and storage facilities of the ruling class in the hills of Bonghwangdae and the lowlands of the northeast. Therefore, Bonghwangtoseong is a fortress where the ruling class of Geumgwan Gaya lived in the 4th and 5th centuries and performed the function of a political castle, overseeing politics, economy (trade and production), and social affairs in the Gimhae area. It is in the context of fortification that we should understand this fortified city, which is about the size of a small royal castle.