임진왜란 초기 경상도 지역 전투와 군사체제

Abstract

Many studies on Imjin War(Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592) have been preceded to the point of forming an greatest part of Korean military history. But the viewpoint on the governmental preparation for war, war guide and operation of military power was very negative. The operation process of Joseon's military system should be objectively analyzed by connecting it to the entire progress of Imjin War based on recognition about it in the 16th century. But It is difficult to avoid evaluation that it was generally weak because it focused on rapid occupation of Hanseong by Japan and aftereffect of the war. It causes the problem that you distort and look at Joseon's military system itself in the 16th century as well as Imjin War. This study tries to recover the existing viewpoint that Joseon could not help losing the war because its military system was disorder and lacked preparation for war by reviewing the war history of early Imjin War critically. Consideration on it will present the objective viewpoint that you can specifically know the joseon's military system because the war showed the process that the military system operated. It tries to review the existing war studies that depend on description historical materials more critically from the military point of view. Joseon's way to execute wars was based on military tradition that the reins were divided and delegated when crisis occurred. Joseon operated local military power to protect the country against external parts. And it divided the reins to control local military power and to prevent rebellions which are the dynasty's biggest threat. The local militaries performed actions in the beginning stage when Joseon executed foreign wars. But if situation was not settled in spite of it, corporals to whom a king delegated the military power were dispatched and led the central militaries consisted of a crack to local areas and finished all the situations. The Local militaries have to arrange the procedures that they got the approvals from the central military when they tried to operate the other local militaries in other districts(道) because they could not operate their duties in other places except their applicable districts(道) without approvals of it. The result that the function of the dispatched corporals was developed and reflected changed the method to divide and distribute the militaries by Jingwan System(鎭管體制) to the one by Jeseungbangryak System(制勝方略). The function of dispatched corporals ranging from Jobangjang(助防將) to Dojechalsa(都體察使) was gradually developed in 16th century. The dispatched corporals moved to the applicable districts(道) with the armed cracks who are in the part of the Central Armies(中央軍) in Hanseong. In this process, they passed post road networks and moved taking soldiers, horses, foods and fighting materials which are waiting for them in each assembly area by Jejinbyeol wunbeop(a kind of moving method, 運法). The method to divide and distribute the militaries of each district(分軍法) was reflected to Jeseungbangryak by district(道) based on the dispatched corporals and changeable national defense situation. As there was Imjin War, Joseon operated military power through the built military system. Military mobilization was began with rapid information spread by each communication system including signal fire network and post road network. Soldiers took action against the enemy in the beginning stage operating the soldiers mobilized from each troop by Jeseungbangryak(制勝方略). Auditors and patrol parties judged situation and gave orders to each district(道). Soldiers in each troop in middle and north parts of Gyeongsangdo(慶尙道) moved to the designated assembly area. The partial troops were formed to the local troops that was taking action in the beginning stage and the partial troops were done to the corporals' troops. The corporals were consequently dispatched to the places ranging from Jobangjang to Dojechalsa by the first action of the government.