포클랜드 전쟁을 통해서 본 잠재적 위협에 대한 대응과 딜레마
The Response and Dilemma to Potential Threats Reviewed through the Falklands War
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초록
그동안 포클랜드 전쟁을 둘러싼 수많은 논의들은 군사, 역사, 외교, 정치, 국제법 등 다양한 분야에서 이루어져 왔다. 이 중 본 논문은 포클랜드 전쟁을 다각도로 이해하기 위한 첫 번째 단계로 포클랜드 전쟁의 군사적 측면을 살펴보고자 한다. 포클랜드 전쟁은 원정 작전으로 본질적으로 해전이었으며, 영국 해군은 이 전쟁의 가장 중요한 핵심이었다. 따라서 포클랜드 전쟁 시 영국 해군의 전력에 대한 이해는 전쟁의 성격과 영국 국방정책을 분석하는 데 매우 중요한 요소이다. 영국은 이 전쟁에서 승리했음에도 불구하고 1981년 국방부장관 존 노트에 의해 발간된 국방백서 『영국 국방 계획: 앞으로 나아가야 할 길』에 계획된 해군력 감축문제로 온전히 승리의 기쁨을 누리지 못했다. 본 논문은 1981년 국방백서의 내용과 포클랜드 전쟁에서 영국 해군의 전력을 분석하여, 그 전쟁의 양상이 1981년 국방백서와 어떠한 인과관계를 형성하고 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 2장에서는 국방백서에 언급된 해군력 감축 내용과 영국의 국방계획을 분석하고, 3장에서는 포클랜드 전쟁 경과를 통해 이 전쟁의 성격을 살펴볼 것이다. 4장에서는 전쟁 이후 드러난 영국 해군 전력의 문제점이 1981년 국방백서와 어떤 관련이 있으며, 이에 대한 정부의 대응은 어떠했는지 고찰한다.
Abstract
This essay will examine the military aspects of the Falklands War as a first step in understanding its multifaceted nature. The Falklands War was an expeditionary operation and was essentially a naval war, and the Royal Navy was the most important core of this war. Therefore, understanding the power of the Royal Navy before and after the Falklands War is a crucial factor in analyzing the nature of the war and British defense policy. Although the UK won the war, it did not enjoy a full victory lap due to the reductions in naval power envisioned in The United Kingdom Defence Programme: The Way Forward, published by Defense Secretary John Nott. This essay analyzes the content of the 1981 Defense White Paper and the Royal Navy’s performance in the Falklands War and examines the causal relationship between the war and the 1981 defence review. To do so, Chapter 2 will analyze the naval force reductions and the UK’s defense plans outlined in the White Paper, while Chapter 3 will examine the nature of the Falklands War through its progression. Chapter 4 considers how the problems with British naval power that have emerged since the war relate to the 1981 defence review and the government’s response to them.
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