6.25전쟁 초기 영국의 참전과 전략
British Participation in the beginning of Korean War
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 기존에 체계적으로 조명되지 않았던 영국의 참전을 3가지 측면에서 짚어보는 것이다. 첫째는 6?25전쟁 발발 이전 영국의 대한반도 인식이다. 둘째는 영국이 전쟁에 참전을 결정하게 된 과정과 원인이다. 마지막으로 영국이 참전 시 수립하고 시행하였던 군사전략을 살펴보는 것이다. 본 논문은 참전국 연구 분야, 대표적으로 영국에 대한 국내의 관심을 제고함과 동시에 최근까지 연구되지 않은 참전국의 참전 시 군사전략에 대한 부분을 새롭게 조명한다는 데에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 이 연구를 통해 알 수 있는 연구의 결과로 첫째, 영국은 6?25전쟁 발발 시 한국에 적극적으로 개입할 상황이 아니었다. 또한 한반도에 군사력을 보낼만한 어떠한 이익도 존재하지 않았다. 둘째, 영국은 6?25전쟁 초기 참전에 적극적이지 않았다. 많은 관료들이 참전에 반대하였으며, 국민들의 여론도 참전에 호의적이지 않았다. 기존 연구들에서는 참전결정과정에서 가장 크게 작용했던 원인을 미국과의 ‘특별한 관계’를 주로 보았지만, 본 연구에서는 영국의 공산주의 팽창에 따른 안보 위협도 하나의 원인으로 작용했음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 영국의 전쟁수행전략은 전쟁 초기 목표와 수단이 바뀜에 따라 계속적으로 수정되어졌다. 이 연구를 통해 기존의 참전국 연구의 틀에서 벗어난 새로운 연구를 기대해 볼 수 있다. 기존의 전투사 위주의 참전국 연구에서 벗어나 참전국의 상황과 참전결정과정, 원인과 전략을 살펴본다면 참전국 연구의 확대에 크게 기여할 것으로 본다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the British participation in the Korean War which was not systematically shed light on from three perspectives. First one is the British awareness about Korean Peninsula before the outbreak of the Korean War. Second one is the process and cause to decide British participation in the War. Last one is the military strategy that the British established and enforced. Therefore, since this study stirs up public attention about the British in Korea in the field of studies on combatant nations and sheds new light on military strategy of combatant nations which is not recently studied, it is very significant. Studying the strategy conducting the war means to bring the horizontal expansion of studies on combatant nations such as British participation in the war. It also implies that we can take a look into one nation’s participation in the war more military. Further, British war conducting strategy can provide us with many lessons to establish strategy upon intervention in several disputes or war. The results of this study can be summarized largely in three things. First, the British did not have the situation to be actively involved in Korea upon outbreak of Korean War. In addition, there were no benefits for the British to participate in the Korean War. Second, the British were not active in participation in the Korean War. Many officials opposed the participation in the Korean War and public opinions were not favorable to participation in the War. Previous studies have reported that the most significant cause for the British to decide to participate in the War was ‘special relationship’ with the United States. However, this study has found that security threat caused by expansion of communism was another cause. Third, the British war conducting strategy continued to be revised as the initial goal and means in the War were changed. We can expect new study departing from the framework of previous studies on combatant nations through this study. If we look into situation of combatant nation, process to make a decision for participation in War and cause and strategy outside the studies on combatant nations focusing on existing combat history, it will significantly contribute to expansion of studies on combatant nations.
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