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포스트 수신료 시대의 공영방송 재원 구조

Financial Structure of Public Broadcasting in the Post-License Fee Era

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주제분류신문방송학

초록

디지털 미디어 시대에 들어서면서 공영방송은 그 위상과 역할이 크게 위축되어 존립 위기를 맞고 있다. 무엇보다 공영방송의 정치적·상업적 독립의 바탕이 되어왔던 수신료 제도가 크게 흔들리고 있다. 수신료 제도를 유지하는 것이 점점 어려워지고 있고, 공영방송 이용량이 줄어들면서 불공정한 비용이라는 인식이 늘어나고 있기 때문이다. 공영방송의 존재와 역할에 대한 기대치가 크게 낮아지고 있는 것이 반영된 결과라 할 수 있다. 한국도 전기요금에 병과되었던 KBS 수신료 징수를 금지하는 방송법 시행령이 개정되면서, 공영방송 재원 구조에 큰 변화를 예고하고 있다. 상업적, 정치적 영향으로부터 독립해 공익적 방송서비스를 제공한다는 공영방송의 목표가 공영방송의 목적이 제대로 구현되기 위해서는 독립적 재원이 매우 중요하다. 이 때문에 수신료는 가장 이상적인 공영방송 재원으로 인식되어 왔다. 하지만 디지털 미디어 시대에 들어서면서 공영방송 위상 약화와 함께 수신료 제도까지 정당성을 위협받고 있는 것이다. 심지어 이상적인 공영방송으로 인식되어 왔던 영국 BBC의 수신료 제도까지 재검토가 진행 중이다. 본 연구는 수신료 분리 징수 이후 KBS 경영 상태를 전망하고, 각국의 공영방송 재원 구조를 둘러싼 쟁점들을 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 공영방송 수신료 제도의 지속가능성과 디지털 미디어 시대에 대응하는 공영방송 재원 다원화 방안을 모색하였다. 그 결과 공영방송은 전통적인 공익서비스 구현에 필요한 공적 재원을 다원화하고, 디지털 미디어 시대에 적합한 클럽재나 사유재 형태의 서비스를 개발해 사적 재원으로 보완하는 전략변화가 필요하다는 결론을 도출하였다. 이 같은 재원 다원화는 오랫동안 유지되어 온 수신료 단일 재원에 크게 의존해 왔던 공영방송 성격을 근본적으로 변화시키게 될 것이다.

Abstract

Entering the digital media era, public broadcasting is facing a crisis of existence due to a significant contraction in its status and role. Above all, the license fee system, which has been the basis for the political and commercial independence of public broadcasting, is shaking greatly. This is because it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain the license fee system, and as the amount of public broadcasting use decreases, there is increasing recognition that it is an unfair cost. This can be said to be a result of reflecting the significant decline in expectations for the existence and role of public broadcasting. Korea is also foreshadowing a major change in the financial structure of public broadcasting with the revision of the Enforcement Decree of the Broadcasting Act, which prohibits the collection of KBS license fees concurrently with electricity bills. Independent financial resources are very important for the purpose of public broadcasting to be properly realized, “providing public broadcasting services independent from commercial and political influences.” For this reason, license fees have been recognized as the most ideal public broadcasting source. However, as the digital media era enters, the status of public broadcasting has weakened and the license fee system is threatened with its legitimacy. Even the BBC’s license fee system, which was recognized as an ideal public broadcasting station, is under review. This study predicted the management status of KBS after separate collection of license fees and reviewed issues surrounding the financial structure of each country’s public broadcasting. Also we sought the sustainability of the public broadcasting license fee system and ways to diversify public broadcasting resources in response to the digital media era. As a result, it was concluded that public broadcasting needs to diversify public resources necessary for the implementation of traditional public service and develop club goods or private goods services suitable for the digital media era to supplement them with private resources. Such diversification of financial resources will fundamentally change the nature of public broadcasting, which has been highly dependent on a single resource for license fees that have been maintained for a long time.

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