마을굿에서 풍물굿의 제의수행과 구조－전남 완도지역을 중심으로－

Abstract

This study will focus on Pungmul Gut (things-exorcism) as a ritual performance. The primary location of study is Wando area. Wando is an area of flourishing village-exorcism. The entire area consists of various islands within them traditions of Pungmul Gut are practiced within most of the islands. Accordingly you can find flourishing Pungmul Gut (things-exorcism) as village-exorcism in Wando. Especially Wando is an interesting area considering its role of great artillerists with dignified rituals and using terms like Gungo (military drum), Geumgo(command drum), Gungi(military instrument), etc. which were affected by Jeolgulip and have military significance. This study has become a chance to take a thorough look into Pungmul Gut which is performed in village-exorcism through grasping flourishing Pungmul gut. Brief explanation of this study is given below. First of all, village-exorcism can be divided into rituals for “higher rank God” and “lower rank God”, separately practiced rituals rooted in different locations to different types of Gods. Confucian rituals assume the form of linked rituals for higher rank God when Pungmul Gut combines with Confucian rituals. This phenomenon appeared in the process of Confucianism which ostensibly was accepted by people during the time when Confucianism was becoming the established religion in Joseon Dynasty. The combination between Confucian rituals and Pungmul Gut consists of ‘Pungmul Gut along with Confucian rituals’, ‘Confucian ritual along with with Pungmul Gut’ and ‘equal combination of Pungmul Gut and Confucian ritual’. The main performer in Confucian rituals is a public officiate and Pungmul Gut is generally a group musicians with things, but there are great artillerist, clowns and a conductor who are the main performers. Second, Pungmul Gut as a part of village-exorcism performance has a main rhythm which is a basic composition. Also basic composition of rhythm could be extended and shrunk in accordance with the types of God and their capacity. The ritual performance which has seen each performance has a structure of ‘purification & greeting exorcism(Cheongshin) - God amusing(Oshin) - God parting(Songshin) & preventing misfortune’ in common. Pungmul Gut looks disordered but has a rhythm and passage, praying, narration combined together and it gives a shape to the ritual. Third, village-exorcism combined with Pungmul Gut keeps its unique structure even if it is combined with Confucian rituals. Dang Gut is a God greeting as a greeting- exorcism; on the contrary Dangsan Gut, performed by walking around the town, and Madangbalbi are God amusing and praying. On the other hand, Pan Gut is people amusing and God parting. A sacrificial execution of a great artillerist which is the last stage can be understood as a preventing misfortune.