성별다양성과 성별임금격차가 기업의 생산효율성에 미치는 영향: 우리나라 50개 대기업을 중심으로
The impact of gender diversity and gender wage gap that influence on the Technical efficiency of enterprises: focusing on the top 50 large enterprises in South Korea
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초록
본 연구는 우리나라 매출액 상위 50대 기업을 대상으로 매출액과 유형자산, 무형자산을 활용하여 기업의 생산효율성을 추정한 후, 추정된 생산효율성에 성별다양성과 성별임금격차가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 등기임원과 미등기임원의 여성비중, 기업 내 노동자 중 여성비중, 남성임금대비 여성임금, 남녀노동자의 근속연수를 포함하였다. 분석자료는 2020년 기준 매출액 상위 50개 기업을 식별하고, 각 기업의 연차보고서를 통해 2016~2020년까지 5년간의 자료를 불균형패널로 구축하였다. 그리고 확률적 프론티어 분석을 통해 기업의 생산효율성을 추정한 후 패널회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 등기임원과 미등기임원의 여성비중, 여성노동자의 비중이 높을수록 기업의 생산효율성은 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 반면, 성별임금격차는 통계적 유의성이 없었으나, 일부 모형에서 성별임금격차가 기업의 생산효율성에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 기업의 자발적 ESG경영의 필요성, 적극적 고용개선조치의 개선, 자본시장법의 개정, 남녀고용평등법 내 기업의 여성인력 활용계획수립 의무화, 성평등 임금공시제의 적극적 도입을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The study estimated the technical efficiency of enterprises, aiming at the top 50 enterprises in sales in South Korea, by using sales figures and tangible/intangible assets of them, and then analyzed the impact of gender diversity and gender wage gap that influence on the estimated production efficiency. For the analysis, I dealt with several factors as follows – the proportion of females within the number of registered/non-registered executives, the proportion of females within the number of employees in the enterprises, wages of females comparing with that of males, and length of service of male/female employees. In the analysis data I identified the top 50 enterprisese in sales in 2020 and established the data for 5 years (2016-2020) as unbalanced panel through the annual reports, and then estimated the product efficiency of the enterprises through Stochastic Frontier Analysis and conducted the panel regression analysis. As a result, the higher the proportion of females within the number of registered/non-registered executives and employees in the enterprises was, the better the production efficiency of the enterprises was. In terms of gender wage gap, although there was no statistical significance, it revealed that the gap has a negative effects on the production efficiency of the enterprises in some models. Therefore, I suggested some countermeasures as follows: active improvement of the employment measures, amendment of the Capital Markets Act, and active introduction of the wage disclosure system.
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