금융제약과 기업의 R&D 투자
Financial Constraints and R&D Investments
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초록
본 논문은 1981년부터 2000년까지의 한국 제조기업의 재무제표 자료를 이용하여 내부 현금흐름이 R&D투자에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기업의 R&D투자모형을 패널 GMM 방식으로 추정한 결과 현금흐름 계수가 양수이고 통계적으로 유의하다는 결과를 얻었다. 이는 기업이 R&D 투자를 위한 외부자금 조달에 있어서 금융제약을 받고 있음을 의미한다. 즉 불완전 자본시장에서 외부자금의 기회비용이 내부자금에 비해 높으므로 기업이 내부자금을 투자에 우선적으로 사용하고 있음을 나타낸다. 기업의 특성에 따라 구분하여 분석해 보면 비재벌기업, 대기업, 첨단기업이 특히 금융제약을 크게 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적인 인식과는 달리 소기업에 비해 대기업이 금융제약을 크게 받고 있는 점이 특이하다. 또한 통화 확장기에 비해 긴축기에 기업이 처한 금융제약이 커지는 것을 보면 통화정책의 대차대조표 경로가 존재할 가능성이 큼을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper tries to estimate the model of R&D investment containing the variable of cash flow in order to examine the relation between internal finance and R&D investment. If external funds are more costly than internal funds because of asymmetric information, managerial agency problem and transaction costs, investments are likely to depend on internal funds. Estimating R&D investment function using panel data of 185 Korean manufacturing firms, we found that firms face the financial constraints in their R&D investment behavior. The effect of the cash flow on R&D investment is stronger for large, non-chaebol and high-tech firms than small, chaebol and low-tech firms. In a regime of contractionary monetary policy, firms seem to respond more sensitively to the cash flow.
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