고등교육 재정지원 구성과 소득분배
Does composition of public expenditures on tertiary education aect equity?
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초록
OECD 32개국의 1998-2018년 데이터를 이용한 분석 결과, 개인단위 고등교육 재정지원이 이후 소득불평등도의 개선과 통계적으로 유의하게 관련되어 있음이 관찰되었다. 개인단위 재정지원과는 달리 기관단위 고등교육 재정지원과 소득불평등도 사이에는 유의한 음의 관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 표준편차 크기만큼의 개인단위 고등교육 재정지원 확대는 시장 지니계수 표준편차의 1/5 크기만큼의 소득분배 개선과 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 논문은 개인 학생들을 대상으로 한 고등교육 공부담 공교육비가 소득 형평성개선에 보다 기관단위 지원보다 효과적임을 실증적으로 보인 최초의 분석 결과이다. 우리나라는 2011년과 2012년에 든든학자금제도와 국가장학금제도을 각각 도입하였는데, 본 논문의 추정결과는 이러한 학자금지원제도 확대가 소득분배에 긍정적인 효과를 가질 수 있음으로 의미한다.
Abstract
Using the data of thirty-two OECD countries from 1998 through 2018, we find public expenditures on tertiary education directed at individuals, particularly student loans, are significantly associated with a subsequent decrease in income inequality. On the other hand, a negative association between the public expenditures directed at institutions and income inequality cannot be found. A one standard error increase in public expenditures directed at individuals is associated with approximately one-fifth of one standard error decrease in Gini indices for market income. This paper is the first study to investigate and yield supportive evidence that public expenditures on tertiary education directed at individual students are more effective in enhancing equity than providing the funding directly to institutions.
참고문헌 (27)
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