은퇴가 건강에 미치는 영향
Impact of Retirement on Health
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은퇴는 개인의 기본적인 생활과 재정 상황의 변화를 초래하여 은퇴자의 여러 측면에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문은 은퇴의 여러 영향 중에서 은퇴자의 건강에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 우리는 고령화연구패널(KLoSA) 1∼7차 자료를 기반으로 은퇴 여부가 건강에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 분석하고, 은퇴가 건강에 영향을 주는 메커니즘을 확인하고자 한다. 하지만, 이 같은 분석에서는 건강충격(Health shock)과 같은 내생성 문제가 존재할 수 있어 이를 통제할 필요가 있는데, 우리는 도구변수를 이용한 고정효과모형을 사용하고자 한다. 우리가 사용한 도구변수는 현재 나이가 노령연금 수급 개시 연령 이상인지 여부이다. 분석결과에 따르면, 은퇴는 건강을 향상시키는 효과가 있다. 은퇴자는 비은퇴자와 비교하면 종교모임 참여, 여가·문화·스포츠 관련 단체 참여, 자원봉사활동 참여할 가능성이 증가하는데, 이는 은퇴를 하면 건강이 향상하는 현상을 설명할 수 있는 메커니즘으로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
Retirement is accompanied by significant changes in an individual's everyday life, which can readily affect a retiree’s health. This paper analyzes how retirement affects health and identifies the channels for the retirement effect on health, using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). Taking into account the endogeneity issue, our two-stage IV model with individual-level fixed effects shows that retirement help improving health. We find that retirees are more likely to participate in religious and other social activities, which can be channels for improving health in retirement.
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