우리나라 외국인직접투자(FDI) 결정요인의 변화 추이 분석: 수입 관세를 중심으로
The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment during the 2000’s and the 2010’s in Korea: Change in the Effects of Import Tariffs
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본 연구는 우리나라의 수입 관세를 중심으로 FDI의 결정요인 변화를 2000년대와 2010년대로 분석 시기를 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 2000∼16년 KSIC 5단위의 제조업 자료를 통해 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 우리나라의 수입 관세는 FDI에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타나 GVC 구조를 기반으로 하는 투자가 우세했던 것으로 보였다. 그러나 이러한 효과는 주로 2000년대에 있었던 것으로 2010년대에 들어서는 상실하였다. 그 이유는 2010년대 들어 관세회피전략을 기반으로 하는 FDI의 우세, GVC 후방참여도의 하락, 수입 관세 변화의 안정세가 나타났기 때문으로 보인다. 이를 통해 우리나라 제조업의 FDI 유치에 있어 관세 중심의 통상 및 개방정책의 영향력이 약해지고 있음을 확인하였다. 이보다는 내수 및 해외시장을 확대하거나 각종 규제 개선, 인프라 건설 등 시장친화적 환경을 조성하는 정책이 FDI 유치에 더 효과적인 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This paper empirically examines the effects of import tariffs on inward FDI during the 2000’s and the 2010’s in Korea. Using the data for the Korean manufacturing sector from 2000 to 2016, the paper shows that import tariffs had a positive effect on inward FDI generally. However, the positive effects were statistically significant only during the 2000’s. During the 2010’s, the effects became statistically insignificant because tariff-jumping FDIs were more prominent, the backward GVC participation was less prominent, and the change in import tariffs was stabilizing in Korea. These results imply that the policies of trade openness are becoming inefficient for attracting inward FDI in Korean manufacturing. Instead, market-friendly policies for aggressive expansion of domestic and foreign markets, regulatory reform, and infrastructure development are becoming more significant.
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