우리나라 제조업 외국인직접투자에 관한 실증분석
An Empirical Analysis on the Determinants of Manufacturing FDI into Korea
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본 연구는 1993년부터 2006년까지 주요 13개국으로부터의 횡단면 시계열자료를 이용하여 제조업 외국인직접투자의 결정요인을 분석하고 제조업 업종별 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 시장규모와 생산요소 비용(자본 및 노동)은 외국인직접투자 결정에 중요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 그리고 환율을 비롯한 일부 설명변수들의 영향이 경공업과 중화학공업 부문에서 추정계수의 부호 및 크기에 있어 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 1990년대 초반 이후 제조업 외국인직접투자는 생산효율성 지향형이라기보다 내수시장 지향형 성격이 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 집적효과와 관련하여 기존에 투자한 동일국적 동일업종의 투자가 많을수록 직접투자 유입은 증가하는 반면, 동종 한국기업 수는 외국인직접투자 유입에 부정적 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 다국적기업들이 외국인직접투자 결정시 한국시장 내에서의 경쟁환경을 크게 고려한다는 것을 의미한다. 결국 외국인직접투자를 유인하기 위해서는 비용인상요인을 최소화하고 경제활성화를 통한 내수시장 확대가 장기적인 관점에서 중요하다. 그리고 외국인직접투자 결정요인을 보다 정확히 파악하기 위해서는 제조업과 서비스산업을 분리하여 추정하는 것이 바람직하며, 설명변수로는 시차변수를 사용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the determinants of inward FDI in Korean manufacturing sector, using cross-sectional time series data during 1993 to 2006 from major 13 countries. It is confirmed that factor cost(labour and capital) and market size are major determinants of inward FDI. And the effects on FDI of some explanatory variables including foreign exchange rate are different in terms of the sign and size of coefficients between light and heavy industry. The empirical result implies that inward FDI in Korea manufacturing sector has been seeking for domestic market rather than production efficiency since the early 1990s. This study also analyzes whether agglomeration effects prevail in the location of FDI. An inflow of FDI is influenced positively by the presence of other foreign firms of the same item which has previously invested in Korea, while affected negatively by the presence of Korean firms of the same item. It implies that foreign firms take into consideration competition environment within Korean market remarkably when making decisions on FDI. Furthermore, this study examined the determinants of inward FDI in Korean manufacturing sector at the industry level. For the policy recommendation, to attract FDI from foreign manufacturing firms it is desirable to extend domestic market by revitalization of the economy in concert with minimizing the pressure of cost increase and mitigate or remove regulations extensively.
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