학령기와 그 이후의 마음이해 발달: 애매한 상황에서의 마음읽기 능력
Understanding of mind after 7 years of age: Mindreading in ambiguous situations
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본 연구는 학령기와 그 이후의 마음이해 능력의 발달적 변화를 연구하였다. 학령기와 그 이후에는 마음상태를 알려주는 분명한 단서가 없는 상황에서의 마음상태를 읽는 능력이 발달할 것으로 보이며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 애매한 행동의 의미를 파악하는 능력, 말의 숨은 뜻을 알아내는 능력, 그리고 말하는 이가 상대방에 대한 특정한 사실을 알지 못해 실수로 하는 말(헛디딤 말)이 상대방의 기분을 상하게 한다는 사실을 이해하는 능력을 다루었다. 7세, 9세, 11세 아동, 13세 청소년, 22세의 대학생이 연구에 참여하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 말의 숨은 뜻을 읽는 능력은 7세에 이미 상당한 수준으로 발달해 있었으며, 그 이후는 발달적 변화가 적었다. 둘째, 애매한 행동을 마음상태와 관련하여 이해하는 능력은 7세 아동에게는 부족하였으나 9세가 되면 상당한 수준으로 발달하였으며 13세 이후에도 발달하였다. 셋째, 헛디딤 말은 11세 아동도 잘 이해하지 못하였으나 13세부터 상당한 수준으로 발달하였다. 이러한 결과는 마음읽기 능력이 학령기와 그 이후에도 꾸준히 발달한다는 것을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study has aimed to test in what aspect the child's understanding of mind develops beyond the age of 7. Three types of ToM abilities have been tested. These include; the ability to interpret others’ ambiguous social behaviors by reading their mental states, the ability to uncover the hidden meaning of a figurative statement such as irony, and the ability to understand that when a person says a "faux pas" it is due to a mistaken belief rather than from malicious intent. Each of the twenty subjects in the five age groups (7-, 9-, 11-, 13-, and adults) have participated in this study. The results demonstrate progressive attainment of the various ToM abilities as follows: children understand non-literal statements at age 7, ambiguous social behavior at age 9, and faux pas at 13 years of age.
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