청년기 발달과업 성취가 청소년의 5요인 성격특성과 자기존중감 및 행복에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Achievement of Developmental Tasks in Adolescence on 5-factor Personality Characteristics, Self-esteem and Happiness
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이 연구는 한국 고등학교 남녀 청소년 515명(남: 245명, 여: 270명)을 대상으로 발달과업의 성취가 청년기 발달에 미치는 영향을 규명하려고 하였다. 이를 위해 Havighurst의 청년기 발달과업을 수정하고 확장한 17개의 발달과업들이 사용되었고, 이 과업들이 어느 정도로 성취되었는지 그리고 성차가 있는지를 규명하는 동시에 발달과업의 성취수준에 따라 청소년들의 5요인 성격특성과 자기존중감 및 행복에서 차이가 있는지를 확인하였다. 연구결과 17개 발달과업 중 6개의 과업에서는 이미 이루었다는 응답이 가장 높은 비율을 나타내었으나 8개의 과업은 ‘이제 막 시작했다’는 비율이 가장 높고 3개의 과업은 ‘아직 시작하지 못했다’는 비율이 가장 높아 고등학교 시기는 전형적인 청년기 발달과업을 성취하기 위한 노력이 시작되는 시기임을 보여 주었다. 또한 4개의 과업에서 유의한 성차가 나타나 남자 청소년들이 여자 청소년들보다 더 성숙하다는 해석을 할 수 있었다. 이와 함께 발달과업 성취수준 상집단은 하집단보다 더 높은 외향성과 호감성, 성실성, 경험에 대한 개방성 및 자기존중감을 지니고 더 큰 행복을 경험하여 발달과업의 성취는 곧 성공적 적응을 의미하는 것으로 해석할 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study examined how many developmental tasks based on Havighurst's ones in adolescence were achieved and whether there was sex difference in the levels of achievement of developmental tasks with 515 male and female adolescents. Also it was examined whether there were differences in 5-factor personality characteristics, self-esteem and happiness according to the achievement level of developmental tasks. As 6 tasks among 17 developmental tasks had highest proportion in 'already achieved,' 8 tasks in 'just starting' and 3 tasks in 'not yet'. High school period was the beginning time for achievement of typical developmental tasks of adolescence. Interestingly male adolescents tended to be maturer than female counterparts in 4 tasks among 17 developmental tasks. Also it was found higher group in achievement levels of developmental tasks had higher extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, self-esteem and happiness than lower group in achievement levels.
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