성인초기의 발달과업과 행복의 관계
The Relationship of Developmental Tasks and Happiness in Early Adulthood
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초록
이 연구는 30대 초반의 성인초기 남녀(남: 287명, 여: 325명)를 대상으로 발달과업과 행복의 관계를 규명하기 위해 장휘숙(2008)의 연구에서 확인된 7가지 성인초기 발달과업의 성취수준과 중요도가 측정되었고, 양자의 차이에 기초한 괴리크기가 산출되었다. 행복은 행복척도와 함께 생활만족척도와 자기존중감검사를 사용하여 측정되었다. 남녀 모두 발달과업을 성취한 비율이 성취하지 못한 비율보다 더 높았고 7개 과업 중 여성들은 4개의 과업에서 그리고 남성들은 1개의 과업에서 더 높은 성취비율을 나타내었으며, 중요도 지각에서는 남성들이 2개의 과업에서 그리고 여성들이 1개의 과업에서 더 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 발달과업과 행복의 관계를 규명하기 위해 성취수준과 괴리크기를 독립변인으로 하고 행복과 생활만족 및 자기존중감 각각을 종속변인으로 하여 이원변량분석을 실시한 결과 행복과 생활만족 및 자기존중감에 대해 7개 발달과업 모두에서 성취수준과 괴리크기의 상호작용 효과가 유의함으로써 발달과업의 성취수준과 괴리크기 모두 행복을 예언하는 효과적인 변인으로 확인되었고, 남녀 모두 발달과업을 성취하고 발달과업을 중요하다고 지각하는 사람들이 가장 큰 행복을 경험하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of the achievement of developmental tasks, discrepancies and happiness with 612 adults of thirties. For this purpose seven developmental tasks identified by Jang(2008) and Developmental Task Questionnaire were used. Results revealed the proportion of achieved status was higher than that of not achieved status in all tasks and women's proportion of achieved status was higher than men‘s proportion of that. While women had higher subjective importance in one task than men, men had higher subjective importance in two tasks than women. Generally the achiever of developmental tasks were disposed to pereive more importantly developmental tasks. Two-way ANOVA revealed both of achieved status of developmental task and discrepancies were effective variables for predicting happiness, life satisfaction and self-esteem.
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