성인초기의 발달과업과 시작시기에 관한 탐색적 연구
Exploratory Study for Developmental Tasks and Beginning Time of Early Adulthood
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초록
이 연구는 18부터 39세까지의 남녀 2,583(남: 1,247, 여: 1,336)명을 대상으로 발달과업 질문지를 사용하여 성인초기의 발달과업은 무엇이고 발달과업의 성취수준과 중요도 지각 사이에 어떤 관계가 있으며 성인초기의 시작시점은 언제인지를 추정하려고 하였다. Havighurst(1952)의 8개의 발달과업을 포함하여 전체 15개 발달과업의 성취수준과 중요도 지각을 측정한 결과, Havighurst의 발달과업 중 ‘마음이 맞는 사람과 집단을 형성한다’를 제외한 7개의 발달과업이 한국인의 성인초기 발달과업으로 선정되었다. 또한 여성들이 남성들보다 7개의 발달과업 중 6개의 발달과업에서 더 높은 성취비율을 보였으나 중요도 지각에서는 5개 발달과업에서 남성들보다 더 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 발달과업을 성취한 사람들이 그 과업을 더 중요하다고 지각하는 경향이 있었다. 예상과는 달리 남성들이 여성들보다 가족관련 발달과업을 더 중요하다고 지각하였고 ‘직업생활을 시작한다’에서는 이 과업을 성취하지 못한 여성들이 성취한 여성들보다 더 중요하다고 응답하여 남성들과는 차이를 보였다. 이와함께 남성들은 30세에 그리고 여성들은 28세에 성인초기를 시작할 가능성을 보여주었다.
Abstract
This exploratory study examined what were the developmental tasks of early adulthood, which relationships were there between the achievement of developmental tasks and the subjective importance for each task and when was the beginning time of early adulthood with 2,583(man: 1,247, women: 1,336) participants from 18 to 39 years. Analysis revealed that seven developmental tasks were selected for early adulthood among 15 developmental tasks including 8 ons of Havighurst(1952). Although females reported a higher achieved status in six tasks, they reported a lower subjective importance in five tasks than men. As a whole the achievers of developmental tasks reported higher subjective importance at those tasks. Also 30 years for men and 28 years for women were speculated as the beginning time of early adulthood.
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