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주관적 인지저하 노인들의 기억의 긍정성 효과: 정상 노인과 기억성 경도인지장애 환자와의 비교

The Positivity Effect in Memory in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Comparison with the Normal Elderly and the Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

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주제분류심리과학

초록

주관적 인지저하(Subjective Cognitive Decline, SCD) 노인이 이미 정상 노인과 다른 인지적 및 신경생리학적 특성을 지닌다는 사실은 밝혀졌으나 SCD 노인의 정서적 특성에 관한 연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 노년기에는 정서적 안정을 이루기 위해서 긍정적인 정서를 더 많이 경험하고 부정적인 정서를 회피하는 정서 최적화 특성이 나타나고 그 한 예로 부정적인 자극보다 긍정적인 자극을 더 잘 기억하는 긍정성 효과가 발생한다. 본 연구는 SCD 노인이 정상 노인 및 기억성 경도인지장애 환자와 비교하여 기억의 긍정성 효과를 어떻게 나타내는지 살펴봄으로써 SCD 노인이 정서 최적화 특성을 유지하고 있는지 확인하기 위해서 수행되었다. 정상 노인 30명(74.00±7.86세), SCD 노인 29명(73.24±6.69세) 및 기억성 경도인지장애 환자 24명(75.00±6.09세)이 연구에 참여하였다. 정서 기억을 평가하기 위하여 긍정, 중립 및 부정 정서로 이루어진 그림과 단어 자극들을 사용하여 기억 과제를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 정상 노인 집단에서는 그림과 단어 자극 회상 시 모두 긍정성 효과가 나타났으나 SCD 노인집단에서는 두 자극 모두에서 긍정성 효과가 관찰되지 않았고 그림 자극에서 정서적 기억향상만이 관찰되었다. 반면에 기억성 경도인지장애 환자 집단에서는 두 자극에서 모두 정서적 기억향상조차 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 SCD 노인들의 정서 조절능력이 이미 정상 노인보다 손상되었고, SCD에 대한 조기 개입이 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

Although the cognitive and neurophysiological characteristics of SCD are known to be different from those of the normal elderly, the study of the emotional characteristics in SCD is rare. In old age, affective optimization characteristics that maximize positive emotions and avoid negative emotions appear to achieve emotional stability. This leads to a positivity effect that attends and memorizes positive stimuli rather than negative stimuli. The present study investigated the positivity effect for memory in older adults with SCD compared with those of normal elderly and patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI). Thirty normal elderly (NE) people (74.00±7.86 years), 29 elderly individuals with SCD (73.24±6.69 years), and 24 aMCI (75.00±6.09 years) participated in the study. All participants were presented with a computerized picture and word stimuli with three valence values (positive, negative, and neutral) respectively, and performed immediate and delayed recalls. Overall, the positivity effects were observed in the picture and word stimuli in the NE group. In the SCD group, however, positivity effect was observed in neither picture nor word stimuli; EME was observed with picture stimuli. The aMCI group did not show EME in either stimulus condition. In sum, these results suggest that emotional regulation are already impaired in older adults with SCD. Therefore, early intervention is needed for the SCD.

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