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지각적 부호화와 의미적 부호화가 주관적 인지저하의 자유회상과 재인회상에 미치는 효과

Effects of Perceptual and Semantic Encodings on Recall and Recognition Memory in Subjective Cognitive Decline

김해윤|강연욱|유경호|이병철
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2018.08|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제37권 제3호|pp. 289-300|DOI https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2018.37.3.003

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참고문헌

키워드

주관적 인지저하지각적 부호화의미적 부호화기억 회상subjective cognitive declinemild cognitive impairmentperceptual encodingsemantic encodingmemory retrieval
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 주관적 인지저하(Subjective Cognitive Decline, SCD)를 대상으로 부호화 수준(지각적 부호화/의미적 부호화)이 자유회상과 재인기억에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 정상 노인 및 기억성 경도인지장애(amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, amMCI)와 비교하기 위해서수행되었다. 정상 노인, SCD 및 amMCI 집단의 모든 피험자들에게 전산화된 지각적 부호화 검사와 의미적 부호화 검사를 실시하였고, 20 분 지연 후 자유회상과 재인회상 검사를 실시하였다. 부호화 수준에 따른 기억수행의 차이(의미적 부호화-지각적 부호화)를 비교한 결과, 정상 노인 집단은 amMCI 집단보다 두 부호화 조건 간 기억수행의 차이가 컸으나, SCD 집단은 다른 두 집단과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자유회상과 재인검사에서 amMCI 집단은 정상 노인이나 SCD 집단보다 저하된 수행을 보였으나, SCD 집단은 자유회상과 재인에서 모두 정상노인 집단과 수행 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 자유회상과 재인회상의 차이(재인회상-지연 자유회상)를 비교한 결과, 두 회상 조건 간 수행차이는 정상 노인 집단이 amMCI 집단보다 더 컸으나, SCD 집단은 어느 집단과도 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 SCD가amMCI보다는 덜 심각하지만 이미 의미적 부호화와 기억 인출에 있어 문제를 지니고 있음을 보여주며, SCD가 정상 노인과 amMCI 사이에 위치한 집단임을 시사한다.

Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine the differential effects of perceptual and semantic encodings on recall and recognition memory in elderly people with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and to compare them with those in the normal elderly (NE) and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (amMCI). Computerized perceptual (number of letters) and semantic (man-made/natural) verbal encoding tests were administered. After a 20-minute delay, free-recall and recognition tests for the encoded target words were performed. At the comparison of the difference (semantic encoding-perceptual encoding) of memory performances between perceptual and semantic encodings, the NE showed a greater difference than the amMCI, but the SCD did not show any differences with either NE or amMCI. Although the amMCI showed poorer performance on both recall and recognition tests than the NE and SCD, the SCD did not show any differences in both tests with NE. At the comparison of the difference (recognition-delayed free recall) of the memory performance between the delayed free-recall and recognition, the NE showed a greater difference than the amMCI, but the SCD did not show the difference with either group. These results showed that the SCD already had subtle problems in semantic encoding and memory retrieval but with less degree than amMCI. They suggest that the SCD is an intermediate stage between the NE and amMCI.

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