초기 청소년기 기질과 공감의 관계
Relationship between Temperament and Empathy in Early Adolescence
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초록
본 연구는 기질과 공감의 관련성을 탐색하여 공감 능력 향상을 위한 프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울·경기 소재 초·중등학교의 학생 555명의 기질(EATQ-R)과 공감(EQ-C)에 대한 설문 데이터를 수집하여 분석하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기질의 하위차원 중 친애성과 부정 정서성은 여학생이 유의하게 높았으며, 활성력은 남학생이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 공감의 하위요인 중 정서적 공감이 여학생에게서 유의하게 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 네 가지 기질 하위차원 중 의도적 통제와 친애성이 공감에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 공감의 하위차원별로 살펴보면, 의도적 통제는 인지적 공감에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 친애성은 인지적 공감과 정서적 공감에 모두 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 친애성의 경우 의도적 통제 대비 공감 및 정서적 공감에 미치는 영향력이 상대적으로 컸다. 셋째, 의도적 통제와 친애성 수준에 따라 공감 및 그 하위차원에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 의도적 통제 수준이 높을 때 공감 및 인지적 공감 수준이 유의하게 더 높았으며, 친애성 수준이 높은 경우에는 공감 및 인지적·정서적 공감 수준이 모두 유의하게 높았다. 또한 친애성과 의도적 통제의 상호작용효과가 정서적 공감에 대해 유의하게 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 공감 및 하위 차원에 따라 상이한 영향을 미치는 기질 요인을 확인한 점에 있어 함의가 있다.
Abstract
The study aimed to provide basic data for program development to improve empathy by exploring the relationship between temperament and empathy. To this end, questionnaire data on temperament(EATQ-R) and empathy(EQ-C) were collected and analyzed from 555 elementary and middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results are as follows. First, among the subdimensions of temperament, affiliativeness and negative affectivity were significantly higher in female students, while surgency was significantly higher in male students. In addition, emotional empathy was significantly higher among female students. Second, among the four subdimensions of temperament, effortful control and affiliativeness had significant effects on empathy. Effortful control also had positive effects on cognitive and emotional empathy. Particularly in the case of affiliativeness, the influence on cognitve and emotional empathy was relatively large compared with effortful control. Third, there were significant differences in empathy and its subdimensions based on levels of effortful control and affiliativeness. Higher levels of effortful control were associated with higher levels of cognitive empathy. And higher levels of affiliativeness were associated with higher levels of cognitive and emotional empathy. Additionally, the interaction effect between affiliativeness and effortful control was significant for emotional empathy. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
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