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자기보고형 한국어판 아동용 공감지수(EQ-C) 척도의 타당화 예비연구

A Preliminary Study for the Validation of Korean Version of EQ-C Adapted as a Self-Report Questionnaire

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초록

아동용 공감 척도인 EQ-C 척도의 자기보고형 한국어판이 우리 아동의 공감 능력을 측정하는데 적절한지 확인하기 위해 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 초등학교 5학년 아동 290명이 연구에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 자기보고형 한국어판 EQ-C 척도는 ‘정서공감’, ‘사회기술’, ‘인지공감’의 3 요인을 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신뢰도를 검증한 결과, 문항 내적 일관성 신뢰도는 .82로 양호한 편이었으며, 2개월간의 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .64로 비교적 안정적인 것으로 확인되었다. 한국어판 EQ-C 척도는 공감 능력 척도(박성희, 1997)와 .73의 상관을 보였으며, 친사회성 척도와는 .55의 상관을, 공격성 척도와는 -.47의 부적 상관을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 자기보고형 한국어판 EQ-C 척도의 타당성을 보여준다. 본 척도를 96명의 3학년 아동에게 실시한 결과 5학년의 요인구조가 3학년 아동에게도 유지되는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 자기보고형 EQ-C 척도가 3학년 아동에게도 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of EQ-C (Children’s versions of the Empathy Quotient) which was developed by Auyeung et al. (2009) to measure empathy for children. In this study we used the EQ-C as a self-report questionnaire. A total of 290 elementary students in 5 grades participated. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: cognitive empathy, emotional response and social skills. In terms of the reliability, the internal consistency of the Korean version of EQ-C was high (Cronbach’s = .82), and the test-retest reliability over two months was relatively stable (Cronbach’s = .67). In order to test the validity of the Korean version of EQ-C, we examined the association between the EQ-C and Empathy Scale (Park, 1997) which was the another popular measure of empathy for children, and the associations between the EQ-C and the psychological constructs of prosocial behavior and aggression. Correlation analyses revealed positive correlations between the Korean version of EQ-C and the Empathy Scale and the Prosocial Behavior Scale, but a negative correlation between the Korean version of EQ-C and the Aggression Scale. The three-factor construct of cognitive empathy, emotional empathy and social skills had been demonstrated to be held to the 3 graders, suggesting that the self-report Korean version of EQ-C could be used to the 3 graders.

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