친환경적 도시개발과 개발 갈등: 녹색고급화의 영향에 대한 논쟁적 접근
Environmentally-friendly Urban Development and Development Conflicts: Argumentative approaches to the Impact of Green Gentrification
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도시의 발전과 성장은 도시의 지속가능성을 유지할 수 있는 역량을 갖추고 있느냐에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있으며, 도시는 이러한 역량을 갖추기 위해 끊임없는 변화가 요구된다. 친환경적 도시개발은 이러한 측면에서 도시의 새로운 변화를 위한 수단적 의미로써 받아들여지고 있다. 친환경적 도시개발은 기존의 무분별한 개발로 인한 도시환경의 피폐화에서 벗어나 도시를 안정적으로 발전시키기 위해 도시의 자연환경과 생활환경뿐 아니라 사회적 그리고 경제적 측면 등 다양한 영역을 고려한 접근방법으로 주목받고 있다. 하지만, 친환경적 도시개발은 녹지 계획과 같은 환경적 측면의 향상을 강조함으로써 개발에 따른 고비용을 불러와 경제적으로 여유로운 고소득의 중상위 계층은 유입되는 반면, 기존의 저소득 원주민은 밀쳐내거나 내쫓는 현상을 발생시킴으로써 개발에 따른 사회적 불공평과 불평등이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 현상은 도시고급화, 특히 녹색고급화 현상에 따른 결과로 지목되고 있으며, 친환경적 도시개발의 부작용 중 하나로 받아들여지고 있다. 이와 같은 친환경적 도시개발에 따른 부작용인 녹색고급화는 무엇에 의한 결과인지와 함께 녹색고급화의 영향과 효과에 대한 논쟁 또한 관심을 집중시키고 있다. 본 연구는 친환경적 도시개발에 따른 녹색고급화의 배경과 함께 녹색고급화를 불러온 요인을 파악하는 동시에 영향과 효과에 대한 논쟁적 측면을 분석하는 접근을 시도할 것이다.
Abstract
Urban development and growth depends upon the ability of maintaining urban sustainability. In order to fit up such the ability, constant change is required. Environmentally-friendly urban development is an instrumental meaning for new urban changes. Environmentally-friendly urban development is a new urban development approach to remedy the existing reckless development to stabilize urban natural environment and living condition as well as social and economic domain. However, environmentally-friendly urban development presupposes the improvement of environmental aspects through green plan that demands high costs. While the high cost of development leads to the influx of economically relaxed upper-middle-income people, existing low-income natives are being displaced or kicked out that raises social inequality and unfairness. This phenomenon is pointed out as a result of urban gentrification, especially green gentrification that is accepted as one of the side effects of environmentally-friendly urban development. Green gentrification as one of the side effects of such environmentally-friendly urban development has brought a debate over its effects along with what factors have made the effects is also drawing attention. This study identifies the background of green gentrification due to environmentally-friendly urban development and the factors that led to green gentrification as well as analyze the controversial aspects of impact and effectiveness.
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