지속가능한 지역사회를 위한 도시갈색지대의 재개발에 대한 논쟁적 접근
Critical Approaches to the Redevelopment of Urban Brown-fields for Sustainable Local Community
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지역사회의 지속적인 성장과 발전은 사회적, 경제적 그리고 환경적 균형성과 안정성이 중요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 유럽과 북미국가의 도시들은 산업혁명과 함께 급격한 성장과 발전을 경험했지만, 20세기에 들어서면서부터 이들 도시들은 기존의 독점적 경제구조에 안주함에 따라 세계경제구조의 변화에 빠르게 대응하지 못하면서 심각한 경제적 그리고 사회적 침체와 쇠퇴에 직면하게 되었다. 이러한 경제적 그리고 사회적 침체와 쇠퇴는 도시의 사회경제적 측면뿐만 아니라 산업구조에도 치명적인 악영향을 미침으로서 도시쇠퇴와 수축이라는 문제를 경험하게 되었다. 특히, 인구의 급격한 감소와 함께 도시 내 기존산업 및 상업지뿐만 아니라 주택지까지도 불용됨에 따라 도시의 환경적 피폐화와 함께 도시기능과 구조의 전반적인 축소로 이어졌다. 도시 내 불용으로 방치된 채 버려진 이러한 공간을 도시갈색지대라고 지칭하고 있으며, 도시의 번영과 성장 그리고 쇠퇴와 수축을 상징적으로 대변하고 있다. 1970년대를 기점으로, 도시의 경제적 그리고 사회적 재도약을 위한 정책적 접근의 일환으로 도시갈색지대의 재개발이 추진되기 시작했다. 특히, 유럽 및 북미국가의 도시들은 도시의 지속가능성과 함께 도시의 새로운 변화와 발전을 위한 지속가능한 도시개발의 일환으로 도시갈색지대의 재개발을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 하지만, 도시갈색지대의 재개발은 여러 복잡한 쟁점들로 인해 다양한 논쟁을 불러오고 있다. 특히, 도시갈색지대의 재개발은 막대한 개발비용이 요구됨으로 재개발의 필요성에 대한 논쟁뿐만 아니라 막대한 재개발비용을 충당하는 방법으로 민간참여와 자본투자의 유입을 위한 공공지원의 필요성과 정당성, 재개발의 추진주체 그리고 재개발 후 재활용의 용도 등과 같은 쟁점들은 치열한 논쟁을 불러오는 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 도시갈색지대의 재개발에 대한 논쟁적 의미를 탐색하고 분석함을 목적으로 한다.
Abstract
For sustainable community growth and development, the stability of social, economic and environmental aspects is an essential element. Many cities in developed European and North American countries experienced shape growth and development after the Industrial Revolution. However, these cities have also faced with the gradual decline of economic and social as their existing monopolistic economic structure that has not properly responded to the world economic structural changes since the early 20th century. As a result, these cities were confronted with the rapid decline of socio-economic domain, which also affected the disuse of existing industrial and commercial areas that led to the overall environment degradation. This urban space have become as urban brown-fields that seems to represent the symbolic significance of urban growth and prosperity as well as urban decline and shrinkage. In the early 1970s as a starting point, many cities in Europe and North America have actively taken account of the redevelopment of urban brown-fields for urban sustainability due to it would conduce to these cities' new change and development and also social and economic rebounce through a form of sustainable urban development. However, there are various and complicated issues of redeveloping urban brown-fields that have led to diverse arguments. Particularly, the redevelopment of urban brown-fields with the requirement of potentially high redevelopment costs, the necessity and justification of public support for privately operated redevelopment, the selection of the main agency for operating the redevelopment of urban brown-fields and the controversy over the reuse of redeveloped land seem all to be disputatious. This study will explore and analyse the overall controversial arguments about the redevelopment of urban brown-fields for urban sustainability.
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