도시수변공간의 재개발과 도시갈등 -토지소유권, 도시유산, 그리고 사회적 공평성을 중심으로-
Urban Waterfront Redevelopment and Urban Conflicts: Focusing on land ownership, urban heritage and social justice
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초록
도시의 지속적인 발전과 성장은 도시의 기능과 구조를 지속해서 변화하는 사회적 그리고 경제적 여건에 민감하게 대응할 수 있는 형태로 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 도시수변공간의 재개발(urban waterfront redevelopment)은 1970년대 초경부터 경제적 변화로 인한 도시침체와 쇠퇴에 대응하는 정책적 측면에서 세계적으로 널리 적용되고 있다. 도시수변공간의 재개발은 기존의 낡고 시대에 뒤떨어진 물리적 시설과 환경적으로 피폐해져 불용 된 공간을 새로운 용도로의 전환을 통해 시민들의 휴식 공간과 첨단 신산업, 문화예술 관련 시설물, 고급주택단지 등 휴양과 관광, 산업 그리고 주거 등을 수용하는 새로운 공간으로 탈바꿈시키는 것이다. 도시수변공간의 재개발은 창조적 집합체(creative clusters), 유산 공원(heritage parks), 관광명소(tourist attractions), 고급화된 주거지(gentrified residences) 등을 통해 새로운 도시이미지의 확립과 함께 경제적 성장을 위한 다양하고 새로운 기회를 제공하는 공간으로서 재탄생시키기 위함이다. 하지만, 도시수변공간의 재개발은 도시에 새로운 변화를 불러옴과 함께 재개발의 효과나 영향력이 점차 확대되는 과정에서 여러 형태의 부작용 또한 분출됨에 따라 도시의 갈등 상황을 초래하는 원인이 되고 있다. 특히, 도시수변공간의 재개발에 따른 계획상의 갈등으로 토지소유권(land ownership), 도시유산(urban heritage)의 상실 그리고 더욱 심각한 갈등 상황을 불러올 수 있는 개발에 따른 사회적 공평성(social justice)의 부재 등은 갈등 관계를 만들고 있음을 지적받는다. 본 연구는 도시수변공간의 재개발과 관련된 다양한 선행연구를 종합적으로 탐색하는 한편, 계획상의 갈등인 토지소유권, 도시유산, 사회적 공평성 등을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
Abstract
The continuation of urban development and growth is depended on the function and structure of urban form that responds more sensitively to the changes of social and economical circumstance. Since the early 1970s, urban waterfront redevelopment has been globally accepted as a way of policy responding to economical recession and decline in urban areas. Urban waterfront redevelopment aims to rehabilitate outdated facilities and environmentally devastated areas to new uses for citizen's resting areas, new advanced industries, facilities related to culture and arts, luxurious residential complex, etc. to make the transformation of new space for creation, tourism, industry, residence, etc. In other words, urban waterfront redevelopment has tended to new urban images, such as creative clusters, heritage parks, tourist attractions, gentrified residences and etc. to be reborn as a place to offer various new opportunities. However, though urban waterfront redevelopment would bring new changes to urban areas, it would also cause side effects that could lead to urban conflicts. Particularly, the planning conflicts of urban waterfront redevelopment are mainly land ownership, urban heritage and a more serious factor is the absence of social justice that lead to conflicting relationship. The study will focus on planning conflicts in three factors, such as land ownership, urban heritage and social justice through the examination and analysis of various previous studies on urban waterfront redevelopment.
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