심리생리적 지표를 통한 상담 효과성 검증 연구의 동향: 주제문헌분석
Trends in Counseling Efficacy Research with Psychophysiological indices: A Scoping Review
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초록
본 연구는 상담 개입에 대한 인지ㆍ정서적 변화에 동반되는 심리생리적 지표를 활용하여 상담 효과성을 검증하고자 한 국내외 연구의 동향을 개관함으로써, 상담학 분야의 생리측정 활용 현황을 이해하고 향후 관련 연구에 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 국외 및 국내 학술지에 1973년부터 2023년까지 게재된 논문 33편을 중심으로, 연구 대상의 특성, 중재의 방식, 측정변인의 종류와 특성, 자기보고와 생리측정 데이터 간 결과 일치성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개입을 통한 생리적 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타날 것으로 예상되는 임상군을 대상으로 실시한 연구가 27편으로 대부분을 차지하였다. 둘째, 효과성 검증에 활용된 중재 방식의 이론적 접근은 인지행동이 16편으로 가장 많았으며, 이외에도 정신역동 3편, 자비중심 2편 등으로 다양하게 나타났다. 또한 마음챙김 기반 명상 4편, 공감 1편 등 특정 이론에 기반하기보다는 세부 기술만을 활용한 연구도 존재하였다. 셋째, 효과성 검증을 위해 생리측정만을 단독으로 살펴본 연구는 5편이었으나, 자기보고 및 생리측정을 모두 사용하여 두 측정간의 일치성을 살펴보는 연구는 28편으로 대부분을 차지했다. 넷째, 생리측정과 자기보고 측정치를 통한 검증 결과가 일치하는 연구가 19편으로 나타났으며, 주로 정서적 변화에 따라 신속하고 명확하게 반응하여 자율신경계의 상태를 잘 반영하는 지표에서 일치성이 특히 두드러졌다. 본 연구에서의 분석 결과를 토대로 주요 시사점 및 추후 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the current use of physiological measurements in counseling field and provide implications for future research by overveiwing the trends of domestic and international research to verify counseling effectiveness using psychophysiological indicators accompanying cognitive and emotional changes in counseling intervention. The study focused on 33 papers published in foreign and domestic journals from 1973 to 2023 and analyzed the characteristics of the study subjects, the method of intervention, the types and characteristics of measurement variables, and the consistency of results between self-report indicators and physiological indices. The main results are as follows. First, there are 27 studies conducting on the clinical group that is expected to clearly show physiological changes through intervention, accounting for almost all of them. Second, the theoretical approach of the intervention method used to verify effectiveness is the most cognitive behavior with 16, 3 articles of psychodynamic movement and 2 articles of mercy-centeredness. Also, there were studies using only counseling microskill techniques such as 4 articles of mindfulness-based meditation and 1 article of empathy. Third, there are 5 studies that examined only physiological measurements alone to verify effectiveness, but 28 studies examined the consistency between the two measurements using both self-report and physiological measurements. Fourth, 19 studies show that the verification results through physiological and self-report measurements are consistent, and the consistency is particularly noticeable in indicators that well reflected the state of the autonomic nervous system by responding quickly and clearly to emotional changes. Based on the results of this study, the main implications and suggestions for further research were discussed.
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