계몽사상과 역사주의
Enlightenment and Historicism
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초록
이 글의 목적은 계몽사상에서 역사주의로의 이행의 성격을 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 계몽사상과 역사주의의 관계를 이론, 방법론, 재현방식이라는 세 가지 각도에서 검토하였다. 이를 통해 밝혀진 점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계몽사상이 이론을 서술을 위한 전략으로 상정했던데 반해, 역사주의에서 이론은 역사의 진행을 파악하기 위한 탐구의 틀로 받아들여졌다. 둘째, 계몽사상에서 방법이 서술의 방법에 한정되었던데 반해, 역사주의에서는 지식을 획득하기 위한 절차와 수단이라는 의미로 확장되었다. 셋째, 계몽사상에서 이야기식 서술이 지배적이었다면, 역사주의는 압축과 각주에 의한 전문가적 글쓰기를 표방하였다. 이와 같은 차이에도 불구하고, 계몽사상과 역사주의의 관계를 단절로 파악하는 것은 일면적이다. 왜냐하면 역사주의의 핵심이라 할 수 있는 역사성에 대한 존중은 후기 계몽사상에서도 발견되고, 서술방식에서도 연속적 측면이 충분히 존재하기 때문이다. 이러한 점들에 근거하여 이 글에서는 역사주의를 단순히 계몽사상의 대립물이나 연속으로 보기보다는, 특히 이론과 방법론 측면에서 계몽사상을 발전적으로 계승한 결과로 파악한다.
Abstract
This paper is to grasp characteristics of the transformation from Enlightenment to Historicism. It deals with the relation between Enlightenment and Historicism under the point of view: theory, methodology, and the mode of representation. The results of the research are as follow:First, the Historicism regarded the theory as a scheme of research to apprehend the process of history, whereas the Enlightenment understood it mainly as strategies for description. Second, in the period of Historicism was the meaning of method gradually expanded: from the method of description to procedure and tool gaining knowledges. Third, the Historicism advocated professional writing which is characterized through summarization and footnotes. Despite of many differences between Enlightenment and Historicism, it seems to be one-sided to interpret the relation simply as ruptured one. Some historians of Enlightenment showed enough respect for historicity as the historicists. Moreover there was continuity in the way of writing. Therefore the Historicism could be interpreted rather as a result of the Enlightenment than as a antipode or continual result of it.
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