로빈슨 제퍼스와 A. R. 애먼즈의 시에 나타난 생태이념으로서의 도가철학
Taoism as an Ecological Idea in the Poetry of Robinson Jeffers and A. R. Ammons
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The close relationship between Taoism and modern ecology has been suggested and studied by many scholars since Taoistic way of life emerged as an alternative to the anthropocentric Western culture. But the scholarship is still in a rudimentary stage of finding affinity or similarity. This paper investigates how one of the key ideas of eco-Daoism, wu-wei is reflected and incorporated in the poems of Robinson Jeffers, and how the idea of Taoistic polarity plays a major role in A. R. Ammons’s poetics of One:Many. Jeffers’s Inhumanism and Taoism share, foremost, a relentless criticism of anthropocentricism. Jeffers asks us to “break out of humanity” and to keep a “transhuman perspective” so that we can re-orient ourselves to the absolute, divine beauty of things. Tao Te Ching tells us nature is not humane or sentimental, and it, instead, follows its own Tao. To practice wu-wei, Lao Tzu suggests three treasures of mercy, frugality, and not daring to be first in the world, which are central to the very idea Jeffers expounds in his works. Taoistic polarity provides Ammons with a chance to elaborate his idea of cosmogony and man’s relationship with nature. In his poetry, this polarity develops into an ecological vision of the interconnectedness and the essential sameness of all things in the universe. Owing to this vision, Ammons deconstructs the anthropocentric vision and presents a cosmic vision in which man and nature can enjoy a harmonious mutual living hsiang sheng).
Abstract
The close relationship between Taoism and modern ecology has been suggested and studied by many scholars since Taoistic way of life emerged as an alternative to the anthropocentric Western culture. But the scholarship is still in a rudimentary stage of finding affinity or similarity. This paper investigates how one of the key ideas of eco-Daoism, wu-wei is reflected and incorporated in the poems of Robinson Jeffers, and how the idea of Taoistic polarity plays a major role in A. R. Ammons’s poetics of One:Many. Jeffers’s Inhumanism and Taoism share, foremost, a relentless criticism of anthropocentricism. Jeffers asks us to “break out of humanity” and to keep a “transhuman perspective” so that we can re-orient ourselves to the absolute, divine beauty of things. Tao Te Ching tells us nature is not humane or sentimental, and it, instead, follows its own Tao. To practice wu-wei, Lao Tzu suggests three treasures of mercy, frugality, and not daring to be first in the world, which are central to the very idea Jeffers expounds in his works. Taoistic polarity provides Ammons with a chance to elaborate his idea of cosmogony and man’s relationship with nature. In his poetry, this polarity develops into an ecological vision of the interconnectedness and the essential sameness of all things in the universe. Owing to this vision, Ammons deconstructs the anthropocentric vision and presents a cosmic vision in which man and nature can enjoy a harmonious mutual living hsiang sheng).
참고문헌 (35)
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