지속 가능한 개발의 적실성과 한계
The Relevancy and Limits of Sustainable Development
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선후진국을 막론하고 국가들은 과연 성장지상주의를 포기하고 개발과 환경의 조화를 추구할 수 있는가 ? 국제사회는 환경에 대한 타격이 수용 불가능한 것이 되기 전에, 실천 가능한 프로그램을 개발할 수 있는가 ? 구체적으로 어느 정도의, 어떤 종류의 경제 성장을 할 수 있는가 ? 인구와 소비의 증가 추세를 어떻게 감소시킬 수 있는가 ? 새로운 개발전략은 어떻게 다수의 인간에게 복지를 보장할 수 있는가 ? 지속 가능한 개발은 국제사회가 이런 도전들을 극복하고 진보를 향해 나아갈 수 있게 하는가, 아니면 새로운 한계와 혼란에 빠져들게 하는가 ? 이 글에서는 이러한 의문에 대한 해답의 실마리를 찾기 위하여, 지속 가능한 개발의 대안개발전략으로서의 적실성과 한계를 구체적으로 살펴보려고 한다.
Abstract
The report of the WCED, Our Common Future, argued that boosting the economy, protecting natural resources, and ensuring social justice are not conflicting but complementary goals. Since the WCED defined sustainable development, many scholars and activists have promoted their own alternative definition. This has led some observers to call sustainable development an oxymoron. Further, if anyone can redefine and reapply the term to fit their purposes, it becomes meaningless in practice, or can be used to disguise or greenwash socially or environmentally destructive activities. Though sustainable development has become conventional wisdom over the past two decade, something has gone wrong.
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