식량안보화: 글로벌-걸프국가 식량안보 넥서스
Food Securitization: The Global-Gulf Food Security Nexus
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초록
‘식량 불안’(food insecurity)은 사회경제적 자원이 부족한 국가 뿐만 아니라 사우디아라비아나 UAE와 같은 중견국에서도 큰 안보 위협으로 간주되고있다. 특히 팬데믹과 우크라이나 사태를 경험하며 많은 중견국들이 식량안보를 정책적 우선순위로 설정하고있다. 본 논문은 걸프국가들을 사례로 하여 식량 안보의 정치학을 이해하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 안보에 대해 구성주의적 접근방식을 취하는 코펜하겐학파의 안보화이론을 비판적으로 원용하고 글로벌 식량안보화 궤적을 재검토한다. 이후 글로벌 식량레짐과 식량불안에 대한 걸프 국가들의 대응을 살펴본다. 이를 통해 걸프국가들이 국제적으로 지배적인 식량레짐을 수동적으로 받아들이는 행위자가 아닌 글로벌식량레짐 (재)구성 과정에 능동적이고 전략적으로 참여하는 주체임을 지적하고자 한다.
Abstract
Food insecurity has been considered to be an emerging threat not only in countries that suffer the lack of social and economic resources, but also in so-called middle power countries. What makes the latter promote food security? How is their notion of food security (dis)connected to the global food regime that has evolved since the 1970s? This article explores the politics of food security with particular attention to Gulf countries. In doing so, it deploys a constructivist approach to security by critically engaging with the Copenhagen School's securitization theory. Analyzing Gulf countries' responses to global food security challenges, the paper shows how, rather than remain passive actors accepting the dominant food regime, they actively and strategically engaged with and intervened in the global food regime for their own domestic and regional interests.
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