동북아지역의 환경협력과 다층 거버넌스(Multi-Level Governance): NOWPAP과 MAP의 비교사례분석
Northeast Asian Environmental Cooperation and Multi-Level Governance: Comparative Case Analysis on NOWPAP and MAP
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본 연구는 우리와는 정치·사회·문화적 측면에서 덜 이질적이며 상대적으로 더 성숙한 사회를 유지하고 있는 유럽연합과 같은 서구 국가들에서 주로 활용되는 다층거버번스(MLG: Muti-Level Governance)의 이론적 시각에 기초하여 동북아 환경협력의 핵심을 이해하고자 노력한다. 그러한 노력을 통해 본 연구는 ‘지중해 행동계획(MAP: Mediterranean Action Plan)’과 ‘북서태평양 행동계획(NOWPAP: Northwest Pacific Action Plan)’의 대조적인 거버넌스의 결과를 잘 설명해 줄 수 있는 다층거버넌스의 유형모형을 개발한다. MAP와 NOWPAP에 대한 사례분석 결과, NOWPAP의 환경 거버번스 구조는 중앙집중화된 권한의 분배구조와 폐쇄형의 경계 그리고 독립적 연계를 지닌 전형적인 ‘Type I 다층거버넌스’의 특징을 드러낸 반면, MAP의 경우에는 다양한 거버넌스 수준의 행위자들이 분산적인 권한의 분배구조와 개방형의 경계 그리고 상호 밀접한 연계가 이루어지는 상황에서 활발하게 상호작용하는 ‘Type II 다층거버넌스’의 특징을 나타내고 있는 것으로 드러났다.
Abstract
This study makes an effort to understand the core of environmental cooperation in Northeast Asia, based upon a theoretical notion of multi-level governance(MLG) mostly used by researchers who deal with regional integration in Western countries such as European Union(EU) which remains politically, socially and culturally less heterogeneous and in which their civil societies remain relatively mature. By doing so, it develops a typological model of MLG that can well explain the contrasting governance outcomes of MAP and NOWPAP. The result of case analyses for MAP and NOWPAP well demonstrates that the environmental governance structure of NOWPAP reveals a typical characteristics of ‘Type I MLG’ in which centralized structure of authority distribution, closed boundary and independent pattern of linkage, while that of MAP mostly shows all the features of ‘Type II MLG’ in which actors in various levels of governance vigorously interact with each other under the circumstances of dispersed structure of authority distribution, opened boundary and interconnected linkage.
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