동북아 해양환경 협력방안에 관한 연구
The Environmental Cooperation of the Northwest Pacific Ocean through the Northwest Pacific Action Plan
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The Northwest Pacific region has been afflicted with the serious pollution of the sea and the destruction of marine ecosystem because of its geographic proximity, the high density of population with rapid economic growth, and the concentration of industrial complexes and large cities on the coastline. The situation in this region is worsening. The industrial and domestic wastewater from industries and large cities have been flowing into the sea. Moreover, pollution from land-based sources, pollution by dumping, and oil spill by vessel accidents have caused serious marine pollution. The Northwest Pacific Ocean, a semi-enclosed sea, has geographic characteristics vulnerable to pollution. It is not easy for one nation to cope with marine pollution issues, so it needs the cooperation between countries within the Northwest Pacific region. NOWPAP(Northwest Pacific Action Plan) started as an intergovernmental organization to cooperate in the field of the marine environment of the Northwest Pacific region. The overall goal of NOWPAP is to use, develop and manage the marine and coastal environment wisely while protecting the region's sustainability for future generation. In order to achieve this goal, NOWPAP has focused on the regulation of the land-based sources connected with GPA(the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities). Recently, it has stepped forward to the integrated management of the coastal and marine environment and its resources. NOWPAP has implemented numerous activities focused on the priority programme activities after its establishment, and has set up the institutional and financial arrangements to effectively implement them. Four Regional Activity Centers (RACs) have carried out the establishment of a comprehensive database system and monitoring programme on the marine pollution, development of the regional Oil Spill & HNS Contingency Plan, and marine litter activities. These activities have been successfully implemented by the active participation and cooperation of the NOWPAP members. However, NOWPAP does not adopt the international convention, so it has no legally binding force, and has many tasks to be resolved in the future. This paper aims to analyze the outcome of the activities that NOWPAP has carried out, and to review the tasks necessary for the conservation of the marine environment and the ecological approach and integral management of marine and coastal environment and its resources in the Northwest Pacific region.
Abstract
The Northwest Pacific region has been afflicted with the serious pollution of the sea and the destruction of marine ecosystem because of its geographic proximity, the high density of population with rapid economic growth, and the concentration of industrial complexes and large cities on the coastline. The situation in this region is worsening. The industrial and domestic wastewater from industries and large cities have been flowing into the sea. Moreover, pollution from land-based sources, pollution by dumping, and oil spill by vessel accidents have caused serious marine pollution. The Northwest Pacific Ocean, a semi-enclosed sea, has geographic characteristics vulnerable to pollution. It is not easy for one nation to cope with marine pollution issues, so it needs the cooperation between countries within the Northwest Pacific region. NOWPAP(Northwest Pacific Action Plan) started as an intergovernmental organization to cooperate in the field of the marine environment of the Northwest Pacific region. The overall goal of NOWPAP is to use, develop and manage the marine and coastal environment wisely while protecting the region's sustainability for future generation. In order to achieve this goal, NOWPAP has focused on the regulation of the land-based sources connected with GPA(the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities). Recently, it has stepped forward to the integrated management of the coastal and marine environment and its resources. NOWPAP has implemented numerous activities focused on the priority programme activities after its establishment, and has set up the institutional and financial arrangements to effectively implement them. Four Regional Activity Centers (RACs) have carried out the establishment of a comprehensive database system and monitoring programme on the marine pollution, development of the regional Oil Spill & HNS Contingency Plan, and marine litter activities. These activities have been successfully implemented by the active participation and cooperation of the NOWPAP members. However, NOWPAP does not adopt the international convention, so it has no legally binding force, and has many tasks to be resolved in the future. This paper aims to analyze the outcome of the activities that NOWPAP has carried out, and to review the tasks necessary for the conservation of the marine environment and the ecological approach and integral management of marine and coastal environment and its resources in the Northwest Pacific region.
참고문헌 (38)
- 노명준, "동북아 환경협력 체제에 관한 법적 연구", 국제법학회논총, 46(1)통권 : 89, pp.47~77 (2001), 대한국제법학회
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- 반폐쇄해(Semi-enclosed Sea)의 해양오염방지를 위한 국가관할권 적용방안 연구- 황해의 경우를 중심으로, "최수정", 한국해양 수산개발원, ~ (2002)
- 환경부, "2008 환경" (2008)
- NOWPAP MERRAC, "NOWPAP Regional Oil and HNS Spill Contingency Plan", ~ (2008)
- National Reports on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants into the Marine and Coastal Environment in NOWPAP Region, "NOWPAP POMRAC", POMRAC, ~ (2006)
- National Reports on River and Direct Inputs of Contaminants into Marine and Coastal Environment in NOWPAP Region, "NOWPAP POMRAC", POMRAC, ~ (2006)
- Regional Overview on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Marine and Coastal Environment in NOWPAP Region, "NOWPAP POMRAC", POMRAC, ~ (2007)
- Regional Overview on River and Direct Inputs of Contaminants into the Marine and Coastal Environment in NOWPAP Region, "NOWPAP POMRAC", POMRAC, ~ (2006)
- "The Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) on the Regional Cooperation Regarding Preparedness and Response to Oils Spills in the Marine Environment of the Northwest Pacific Region and NOWPAP Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan", ~ (2004)
- 2003년 북한의 환경상태(DPRK: State of Environment 2003)보고서, "UNEP", 환경부, ~ (2003)
- Action Plan for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northwest Pacific Region, "UNEP", ~ (1994)
- UNEP NOWPAP, "Resolution 1, Programme Implementation in the 2000-2001 Biennium: Activities on Land-Based Sources of Pollution and Ecosystem-Based Management of Fisheries", UNEP, 2001
- First Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Seoul, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP (OCA), 1994, pp.1~5
- Second Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Tokyo, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP(WATER), 1996, pp.2~5
- Third Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Vladivostok, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP(WATER), 1998, pp.3~7
- Fourth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Beijing, "UNEP NOWPAP,Fourth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan,Beijing,6-7 April 1999,Report of the Meeting,UNEP(WATER)", NOWPAP IG.4, UNEP(WATER), pp.NOWPAP, 1999[DOI]
- Fifth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Incheon, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2000, pp.5~6
- Sixth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Tokyo, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2000, pp.6~8
- Seventh Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Vladivostok, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP(DEC), 2002, pp.7~10
- Eight Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Sanya, Hainan Province, The People’s Republic of China, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP(DEC), 2004, pp.8~11
- Ninth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Busan, Republic of Korea, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP(DEC), 2004
- Intersessional Workshop of the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Seoul, the Republic of Korea, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2005, pp.1~6
- Tenth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Toyama, Japan, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2005, pp.10~
- Eleventh Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Moscow, Russian Federation, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2006
- Twelfth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Xiamen, the People’s Republic of China, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2007
- Thirteenth Intergovernmental Meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Jeju, Republic of Korea, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2008
- Fourteenth Intergovernmental Meeting of the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Toyama, Japan, "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2010
- Report on implementation of Marine Litter Activity (MALITA), "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2006
- NOWPAP Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter (RAP MALI), "UNEP NOWPAP", UNEP, 2007