본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

호주 이민정책의 변동과정 및 정책지향 분석: 단속평형이론을 중심으로

An Analysis of the Changing Process and Orientation of Immigration Policies in Australia: Applied Punctuation Equilibrium Theory

임동진
한국비교정부학회 (The Korean Association For Comparative Government)|2018.03|한국비교정부학보 (Korean Comparative Government Review)|제22권 제1호|pp. 57-87|DOI 10.18397/kcgr.2018.22.1.57

0

조회

0

다운로드

6

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

Australia호주Punctuated Equilibrium Theory이민정책Immigration Policy단속평형이론정책지향Policy Orientation
주제분류행정학

초록

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changing processes and its specific policy orientation of immigration policies from 1945 to 2012 in Australia, which is one of the traditional immigration nations. In order to analyze of changes in immigration policy, this paper utilized Jones & Baumgartner(2005)’s punctuation equilibrium theory. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Australian immigration policy can be categorized into four types as follows: assimilation policy(1945∼1973), non-discrimination policy(1973∼1978), multicultural policy(1978∼2001), and citizenship and integration policy(2001∼2012). Second, refugee situations in Southeast Asia and threat of terrorists such as 9/11 terror strongly influence the change of immigration policy in Australia as an environmental pushing factor. Third, the enactment of immigration laws such as Racial Discrimination Act(1975) and Australian Citizenship Act(2007) was essential factor to change immigration policy radically and fundamentally. Finally, it is resulted that Australian immigration policies was affected by several factors like environmental factors, core pushing factors, and policy orientations, and that the type of punctuation (degree of policy change) shows a certain cycle patten from low-salience punctation to high-salience punctuation and from high-salience punctuation to low-salience.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changing processes and its specific policy orientation of immigration policies from 1945 to 2012 in Australia, which is one of the traditional immigration nations. In order to analyze of changes in immigration policy, this paper utilized Jones & Baumgartner(2005)’s punctuation equilibrium theory. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Australian immigration policy can be categorized into four types as follows: assimilation policy(1945∼1973), non-discrimination policy(1973∼1978), multicultural policy(1978∼2001), and citizenship and integration policy(2001∼2012). Second, refugee situations in Southeast Asia and threat of terrorists such as 9/11 terror strongly influence the change of immigration policy in Australia as an environmental pushing factor. Third, the enactment of immigration laws such as Racial Discrimination Act(1975) and Australian Citizenship Act(2007) was essential factor to change immigration policy radically and fundamentally. Finally, it is resulted that Australian immigration policies was affected by several factors like environmental factors, core pushing factors, and policy orientations, and that the type of punctuation (degree of policy change) shows a certain cycle patten from low-salience punctation to high-salience punctuation and from high-salience punctuation to low-salience.

참고문헌 (79)

  1. 강주현, "이민 이슈에 대한 정당의 전략적 대응과 이민정책의 변화: 덴마크와 스웨덴 사례 비교분석", 사회과학논집, 42(2), pp.25~50 (2011), 사회과학연구소
  2. 고상두, "이주자 사회통합모델의 비교분석: 네덜란드, 독일, 한국의 사례", 한국정치학회보, 46(2), pp.241~264 (2012), 한국정치학회[DOI]
  3. 국내 체류 이민자의 사회복지지원체계 개선을 위한 실태 조사, "국가인권위원회", 국가인권위원회, ~ (2012)
  4. 박형준, "미국 정책학의 연구경향", SAPA News & Platform, 17, pp.23~25 (2010)
  5. 설동훈, "노르웨이 이민자의 사회통합정책", 민족연구, (50), pp.163~180 (2012), 사단법인 한국민족연구원[DOI]
  6. 염성찬, "중앙정부 예산지출 변동에 관한 연구 : 단절균형이론의 적용을 중심으로", 석사, 행정학, pp.2009
  7. 온대원, "영국의 이민정책과 사회통합", EU연구, (26), pp.239~267 (2010), EU연구소[DOI]
  8. 유금록, "한국과 일본의 중앙정부 세출예산에 있어서 단절균형분석", 정책분석평가학회보, 17(3), pp.221~249 (2007), 한국정책분석평가학회[DOI]
  9. 이성순, "한국과 독일의 사회통합정책 연구 - 사회통합프로그램을 중심으로 -", 한국지역사회복지학, (39), pp.179~208 (2011), 한국지역사회복지학회
  10. 이준우, "조직진화론 연구의 발전과 전개방향", 경상논총, 25(4), pp.89~119 (2007), 한독경상학회
  11. 이현아, "다문화시대 이민자 사회통합 정책방향에 대한 일고찰: 네덜란드 정책사례를 중심으로", 인간.환경.미래, (10), pp.149~178 (2013), 인간환경미래연구원[DOI]
  12. 조영희, "우리나라 여성정책변동에 관한 연구 : 단절적 균형과 불균형의 대조적 정책현상을 중심으로", 박사, 행정학, pp.2009
  13. 조영희, "우리나라 여성정책변동에 관한 연구: 단절된 균형과 불균형의 대조적 정책현상을 중심으로", SAPA News & Platform, (3)통권 : 17, pp.51~53 (2010)
  14. 한선경, "지방정부 지출의 변동패턴에 관한 연구", 정부학연구, 18(3), pp.227~248 (2012), 정부학연구소
  15. 최동주, "영국의 이민 관련 제도와 다문화 사회통합을 위한 정책", 다문화사회연구, 2(1), pp.93~133 (2009), 아시아여성연구원[DOI]
  16. 최용일, "한국 노사관계시스템의 변혁과 전망", 한일경상논집, 19, pp.193~222 (2000)
  17. 최종태, "단속평형이론에 비추어본 한국노사관계의 변천과정과 쟁점", 1999년도 하계 경영학관련 통합학술대회 발표논문집, pp.365~369 (1999)
  18. 최종태, "단속평형이론과 노사관계의 변혁", 노사관계연구, 12, pp.39~75 (2001)
  19. 최혜지, "이민자의 사회통합에 대한 국가간 비교: 이민국가 레짐을 기초로", 한국사회정책, 24(2), pp.217~244 (2017), 한국사회정책학회[DOI]
  20. "Australian Social Trends. Catalogue 4102.0" (2001)[URL]
  21. Bauer, K., "Immigration Policy, Assimilation of Immigrants and Natives’ Sentiments Towards Immigrants : Evidence from 12 OECD-Countries", Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7, pp.11~35 (2000)
  22. Baumgartner, F. R., "Agendas and Instability in American Politics" (1993), University of Chicago Press
  23. Baumgartner, F., "Policy Dynamics" (2002), University of Chicago Press
  24. Bell, D., "The performance of immigrants in the United Kingdom: Evidence from the GHS", Economic Journal, 107, pp.333~344 (1997)
  25. Birkland, T. A., "An Introduction to The Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making" (2005), M.E. Sharpe, Inc
  26. Blainey, G., "All for Australia" (1984), Methuen Hayes
  27. Blainey, G., "Australian Australians Must Begin to Shout Loudly", The Weekend Australian, 22~ (1988)
  28. CAAIP, "Immigration A Commitment to Australia: Recommendations" (1988), Australian Government Publishing Service
  29. Castles, S., "Globalization and Citizenship: an Australian Dilemma", Patterns of Prejudice, 35, pp.91~109 (2001)
  30. Castles, S., "The Australian People: an Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and Their Origins" (2001), Cambridge University Press
  31. Chiswick, R, "The Earnings of White and Coloured Male Immigrants in Britain", Economica, 47, pp.81~87 (1980)
  32. Cronin, K., "The Politics of Australian Immigration" (1993), Australian Government Publishing Service
  33. Crow, D. A., "Policy Punctuations in Colorado Water Law : The Breakdown of A Monopoly", Review of Policy Research, 27(2), pp.147~166 (2010)
  34. DeLeon, P., "Editors’ Analysis : A Status Report of The Policy Studies Journal, 2004-09", Policy Studies Journal, 38(1), pp.165~173 (2010)
  35. DIAC, "The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy" (2010), DIAC
  36. DIAC, "Becoming an Australian Citizen" (2012), DIAC
  37. DIMIA, "Population Flows: Immigration Aspects, 2001 Edition" (2002), DIMIA
  38. Dowding, K., "Policy Agendas in Australian Speeches : The Governor General’s Speeches, 1945-2008", Australian Journal of Political Science, 45(4), pp.533~557 (2010)
  39. Edin, A., "Emigration of Immigrants and Measures of Immigrant Assimilation: Evidence from Sweden", The Swedish Econonic Council’s Conference on: The Assimilation of Immigrants in The Labour Marker (2000)
  40. Ekberg, J., "Economic Progress of Immigrants in Sweden from 1970 to 1990: A Longitudinal Study", Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 3, pp.148~157 (1994)
  41. Eldredge, N., "The Allopatric Model and Phylogeny in Paleozoic Invertebrates", Evolution, 25(1), pp.156~167 (1971)
  42. Migrant Services and Programs: Report of the Review of Post-Arrival Programs and Services for Migrants, "Galbally, F.", AGPS, ~ (1978)
  43. Givel, M., "The Evolution of The Theoretical Foundations of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory in Public Policy", Review of Policy Research, 27(2), pp.187~198 (2010)
  44. Gould, S. J., "Punctuated Equilibrium—A Different Way of Seeing", New Scientist, 94, pp.138~ (1982)
  45. Gould, S. J., "Punctuated Equilibria: The Tempo and Mode of Evolution Reconsidered", Paleobiology, 3(2), pp.115~151 (1977)
  46. Green, G., "Canadian Immigration Policy: The Effectiveness of the Point System and Other Instruments", Canadian Journal of Economics, 28, pp.1006~1041 (1995)
  47. Migration, Migrants and Policy in The United Kingdom, "Hatton, J.", IZA, ~, pp.IZA Discussion Paper. 81 (1999)
  48. Hawthorne, L., "“Picking Winners”: The Recent Transformation of Australia’s Skilled Migration Policy", International Migration Review, 39(3), pp.663~696 (2005)
  49. Hayfron, E., "The Performance of Immigrants in The Norwegian Labor Market", Journal of Population Economics, 11, pp.293~303 (1998)
  50. John, P., "What Are Policy Punctuation? Large Changes in the Legislative Agenda of the UK Government, 1911-2008", Policy Studies Journal, 40(1), pp.89~107 (2012)
  51. Jones, B., "The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems" (2005), The University of Chicago Press
  52. Jupp, J., "Immigration" (1991), Sydney University Press
  53. Jupp, J., "Nations of Immigrants: Australia, the United States, and International Migration" (1992), Oxford University Press
  54. Jupp, J., "From ’White Australia’ to ’Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy towards the Region", International Migration Review, 29(1), pp.207~208 (1995)
  55. Jupp, J., "Migration Flows and Regional Integration in Europe, Southeast Asia and Australia: a Comparative Perspective" (2012), Amsterdam University Press
  56. Kahanec, M., "EU Labor Markets after Post-Enlargement Migration", pp.3~46 (2010), Springer Verlag
  57. Kautto, M., "Nordic Welfare States in The European Context" (2001), Routledge
  58. Keith, "Local Governance and The New Vocabulary of Cohesion and Integration: British Experience and Contemporary Korea", 국가인권위원회, 2007, ~
  59. Lewins, F., "The First Wave : The Settlement of Australia’s First Vietnamese Refugees" (1985), George Allen & Unwin
  60. Mangset P., "Editors’ Introduction Nordic Cultural Policy", International Journal of Cultural Policy, 14(1), pp.1~5 (2008)
  61. The Migrant Presence: Australian Responses 1947-1977, Research Report for the National population Inquiry, "Martin, J.", George Allen & Unwin, ~ (1978)
  62. "Trends in Australian political opinion: results from the Australian election study, 1987-2010" (2010)[URL]
  63. Office Multicultural Affairs, "Productive Diversity in Business: Profiting from Australia’s Multicultural Advantage Conference Outcomes" (1992), OMA
  64. "Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Immigration, Population and Social Cohesion Policy"[URL]
  65. Ongley, P., "Post-1945 International Migration : New Zealand, Australia and Canada Compared", International Migration Review, 29(3), pp.765~793 (1995)
  66. Pietsch, J., "Immigration and Refugees : Punctuations in the Commonwealth Policy Agenda", Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(2), pp.143~155 (2013)
  67. Price, C., "Australian Immigration: A Bibliography and Digest, No. 2" (1971), Department of Demography, Australian National University
  68. Sherington, G., "Australia’s Immigrants : 1978-1988" (1980), Sydney University Press
  69. Shields, A., "The Earnings of Male Immigrants in England: Evidence from The Quarterly LFS", Applied Economics, 30, pp.1157~1168 (1998)
  70. SOPEMI, "Trends in International Migration" (1999), OECD
  71. Tavan, G., "The Long, Slow Death of White Australia" (2005), Scribe
  72. Are Immigrants Assimilation in the Italian Labour Market?, "Venturini, A.", CHILD, 11~ (2000)
  73. Viviani, N., "The Long Journey: Vietnamese Migration and Settlement in Australia" (1984), Melbourne University Press
  74. Vrachnas, J., "Migration and Refugee Law : Principles and Practice in Australia" (2005), Cambridge University Press
  75. Wadensjo, E., "Immigration, the labour market, and public finances in Denmark", Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7, pp.59~83 (2000)
  76. Wright, E., "Immigration Policy and Immigrant Quality: Empirical Evidence from Canada", Journal of Population Economics, 6, pp.337~357 (1993)
  77. "Wikipedia"[URL]
  78. Wilkes, J., "How Many Australians? Immigration and Growth" (1971), Angus and Robertson
  79. Zubrzycki, J., "20 Years Past-The Years Ahead", Paper prepared for the Australian Citizenship Convention, ~ (1968)

관련 논문AI추천

호주 이민정책(프로그램)의 실태분석 및 정책적 함의: 이민자, 난민 및 불법체류자 관리를 중심으로권경득, 이광원, 이종익, 임동진한국비교정부학회 · 한국비교정부학보2019 · 제23권 제2호호주 인구문제의 정치화와 이민정책 : 한시적-영주이민 연계와 ‘의도하지 않은’ 결과들문경희사단법인 한국민족연구원 · 민족연구2021 · 제78호호주 이민제도의 변화 : 지역이민을 중심으로이용재사단법인 한국민족연구원 · 민족연구2025 · 제85호이민자들에 대한 사회통합사례: 호주를 중심으로이성훈, 이향수한국디지털정책학회 · 디지털융복합연구2018 · 제16권 제5호호주의 2단계(two-step) 이민정책의 성과와 정책적 함의: 임시근로비자, 워킹 홀리데이 및 유학생 프로그램을 중심으로임동진다문화평화연구소 · 다문화와 평화2023 · 제17권 제1호미국, 호주, 한국의 난민정책 비교 연구: 정책추진체계와 지원프로그램을 중심으로권경득, 이광원, 임동진한국비교정부학회 · 한국비교정부학보2020 · 제24권 제3호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)

OECD 국가의 행복 결정요인 규명에 관한 연구: 행복역량의 조절 효과를 중심으로김선아, 박성민pp. 1-28일본의 외국인 노동자 수용정책 변화와 함의: 아베정권을 중심으로하정봉pp. 29-56구조모형을 이용한 보건의료계열 연구자의 연구윤리의식 영향요인 분석장종화pp. 89-107사회복지사의 보수교육성과에 미치는영향요인에 관한 연구이은희pp. 109-132The Effect of Arts Therapy Program to Lower the Life Stress of Female University Students in the Dormitory이에스더, 김나경pp. 133-154
원문 보기