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무엇이 행복을 결정하는가? - OECD 6개국에서 경제적 불평등과 제도신뢰의 영향력 중심으로

What Determine the level of Happiness? -Focusing on the Citizen’s Perception of Inequalities and Governmental Performance in the 6 OECD countries

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동아시아국제정치학회 (The East Asian Association Of International Studies (Eaais))|2020.03|국제정치연구 (THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)|제23권 제1호|pp. 139-165|DOI 10.15235/jir.2020.03.23.1.139

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삶의 만족행복불평등OECDHappinessSatisfaction with Life제도 신뢰InequalitiesInstitutional TrustOECD.
주제분류정치외교학

초록

무엇이 시민들의 행복을 결정하는가? 행복에 대한 많은 앞선 연구에도 불구하고 이들 연구는 특정한 시점에 일부 지역을 중심으로 횡단면 연구에 그친 아쉬움이 있었다. 최근에는 OECD 국가를 대상으로 통합자료를 사용하여 다층적 방법론과 같은 발전된 방법론을 통해서 행복도 결정요인의 일관된 패턴을 밝히고자 하는 연구가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 노력의 중요성에도 불구하고 행복이 개인적 수준의 주관적 현상이라는 점을 감안할 때 개인이 속한 사회의 정치적·문화적 맥락을 고려하는 것이 필요하다. 이 글은 세계 경제위기 전후로 실시된 세계가치조사(World Value Survey) 5차~6차 조사를 활용하여 유럽, 아메리카, 아시아의 각 2개국 총 6개국을 비교 분석하였다. 특히 앞선 연구에서 그다지 주목하지 않았던 불평등 접근법과 정부 수행력 접근법의 영향력에 주목했다. 분석 결과 행복 수준을 결정하는 변수는 지역별로 국가별로 다양하게 나타났다. 경제위기 전후 6개국을 관통하는 일관된 영향 변수는 가정경제조건에 대한 만족도 변수였다. 하지만 다른 모델의 영향력은 지역별로 경제위기 전후로 서로 다르게 나타났다.

Abstract

What determines the level of happiness? The many existing studies have limitations in that they mostly based on the cross-sectional data with a narrow regional scope. Recently, increasing studies are attempting to unveil a consistent pattern of determinants of happiness through advanced methodologies such as multi-level analysis using panel data in OECD countries. Despite the importance of effort, it is necessary to consider the cultural context of the society in which the individual belongs, given that happiness is a subjective phenomenon at the individual level. This paper compares six countries from three regions (Europe, America, and Asia), using the 5th and 6th World Value Surveys conducted before and after the World Economic crisis, respectively. In particular, the focus was on the impact of the inequality approach and the government performance approach, which not discussed many in the previous studies. As a result, the variables that determine happiness level vary by region and country. The consistent determinant that is significant across the six countries before and after the crisis was the variable of satisfaction with the household financial situation. The impact of different models differed by region before and after the economic crisis.

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