신뢰는 행복감을 높이는가?: 도구변수를 통한 한·중·일 비교 분석
The Impact of General Trust on Subjective Well-being: A Comparative Analysis of Korea, Japan, and China Using Instrumental Variable Design
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본 연구는 세계가치관조사 자료를 이용하여 한국·중국·일본에서 신뢰가 행복에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 비교분석하였다. 신뢰와 행복에 동시에 영향을 미치는 요인이나, 오히려 행복이 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 역 인과관계, 또는 관측되지 않는 누락된 변수 등의 내생성 문제를 처리하고자 도구변수 기법을 적용하였다. 분석결과, 신뢰가 SWB에 미치는 영향을 OLS로 실증분석한 선행연구는 내생성 문제를 처리하지 않음으로 편의가 생긴다는 것을 발견하였다. 요컨대, 내생성으로 인해 SWB에 미치는 신뢰의 역할이 다소 과소추정(underestimate)되어 있으며, 적절한 도구변수로 여겨지는 최고교육연한과 세속성을 사용하여 2 SLS(Two Stage Least Square)로 추정하였을 때 신뢰가 SWB에 미치는 영향은 OLS 추정결과와 비교할 때 대단히 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다. 신뢰가 SWB에 미치는 긍정적인 영향의 크기는 중국에서 가장 작았고 한국과 일본에서는 상당히 컸다는 점을 발견하였다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the impact of general trust on subjective well-being (SWB) in Korea, Japan, and China using data from the World Value Survey. To address potential issues such as reverse causality (or endogeneity/simultaneity), where SWB may be causing the trust outcome, and omitted variables, where the observed association reflects a correlation between trust, SWB, and some unmeasured characteristic, the paper employs an instrumental variable design. This design allows for the interpretation of the findings as causal. Consequently, the study concludes that trust, instrumented by the highest education level and disbelief, has a significantly positive effect in these three countries, resulting in a much higher level of SWB than the ordinary OLS results. Specifically, this effect is even stronger in Korea and Japan than in China.
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