본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

한국문제에 대한 정의와 질서의 긴장을 통한 재구성: 질서 중심적 국제관계로부터의 탈피를 위하여

The Reconstruction of Korean Question by English School of International Relations Theory, Tension between Order and Justice

이유철
한국아시아학회 (The Korean Association Of Asian Studies(Kaas))|2021.05|아시아연구 (The Journal of Asian Studies)|제24권 제2호|pp. 173-190|DOI 10.21740/jas.2021.05.24.2.173

0

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

정의질서영국학파International SocietyKorean QuestionInter-subjectivity한국문제간주관성국제사회론nglish SchoolTension between Order and Justice
주제분류지역학

초록

본고의 목적은 한국문제에 대한 질서 중심적 이해로부터의 탈피 가능성을 비판적으로 검토해 보며, 이에 대한 대안으로 영국학파의 국제사회론과 그 중에서도 질서와 정의의 긴장을 통한 한국문제에 대한 재이해의 유의미성을 살펴보는데 있다. 그 동안 한반도를 둘러싼 제 문제들은 강대국들 간 패권경쟁과 함께 역사적으로 구성되어 왔다는 점에서 (신)현실주의와 같은 질서의 안정을 추구하는 이론이 주류적 관점으로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 이런 질서 중심적 접근은 세력균형을 추구하다 보니 구조적으로 강대국들의 관점을 대변할 수밖에 없으며, 동시에 한국문제 당사국들은 객체화시키고 배제시킨다. 이는 한국문제에 있어 당사자-패권국 간의 불균형과 불공평함을 발생시켜 평화로의 진전 보다는 지배적 질서로의 편입, 종속을 강화시킬 수밖에 없다. 본고는 이런 질서 중심적 관점의 한계에 주목하고, 이를 극복하기 위한 존재론적 전환으로 영국학파 이론에서 질서-정의의 긴장 개념을 통한 한국문제 재구성을 시도한다. 질서 중심의 한국문제 이해는 국제질서 안정을 위한 한국문제의 관리에 초점을 두고 결국 한국의 주체적 해결의지는 배제될 수 밖에 없으나, 질서-정의 간 긴장을 통한 이해는 한국문제를 강대국 질서와 이를 정당화하기 위한 정의 간의 관계로 재구성시킴으로써 강대국-한국 간의 상호 주관성을 통해 한국문제를 재구성할 수 있을 가능성을 제공한다. 이는 한국문제의 당사자에 의한  주체적 해결 가능성을 가진다는 점에서 유의미한 논의가 될 것이다.

Abstract

The article attempts to critically examine the possibility of breaking away from the hegemonic order-based understanding of the Korean Question. Taking an alternative approach, it explores the "English School" of international relations theory, delving in particular into the significance of re-understanding Korean issues through the tension between order and justice. Given that the Korean peninsula issues have historically been structured around the competition for dominance among major powers, theories that pursue the stability of hegemonic order such as neorealism have become the mainstream perspective. However, the problem with this order-based approach is that in its pursuit of balance of power, it is left with no choice but to represent dominant countries' viewpoints. At the same time, the truly relevant parties to Korean issues are objectified and excluded. It creates an imbalance and inequality between the relevant parties and the hegemonic powers with regard to Korean affairs, thereby strengthening the process of integration and subordination into the dominant order, rather than progressing toward regional peace. Therefore, the research attempts to reconstruct Korean issues through the notion of the order-justice tension in the English School of international relations in what is an existential transformation that seeks to overcome the limitations of the current order-centric paradigm. The current hegemonic order-centric understanding of Korean issues focuses on managing Korean issues to stabilize the international order. It inevitably rules out Korea’s self-determination to resolve its problems. In contrast, the research’s attempt at understanding the tension between order and justice offers the possibility of Korean restructuring issues through the inter-subjectivity between Korea and the hegemonic powers by reconstructing the issues into the relationship between the hegemonic order and the justice to legitimate the hegemonic. It will be a meaningful discussion as it is indicative of the potential for self-initiated resolution by the rightful stakeholders in the Korean issues.

참고문헌 (107)

  1. 구갑우, "비판적 평화연구와 한반도" (2007), 후마니타스
  2. 구갑우, "한반도적 맥락의 비판적 평화ㆍ안보담론: ‘평화국가담론’ 재론", 한국과 국제정치, 24(3), pp.95~124 (2008), 극동문제연구소[DOI]
  3. 신욱희, "동아시아 국제이론의 모색: 국제사회론과 변형된 주권논의를 중심으로", 세계정치, 29(2), pp.63~88 (2008)
  4. 안문석, "국제사회이론 관점에서 본 남북관계의 역사와 발전 전망", 국제정치논총, 52(3), pp.7~31 (2012), 한국국제정치학회
  5. 은용수, "‘비주류’IR이론과 한국의 국제정치문제: 탈식민주의를 향한 재조명, 탈식민주의를 통한 재구성", 국제정치논총, 56(3), pp.51~88 (2016), 한국국제정치학회
  6. 은용수, "국제정치학 감정연구의 쟁점, 함의, 그리고 향배", 세계정치, 29, pp.159~201 (2018)
  7. 장인성, "동아시아 국제사회와 동아시아 상상: 한국국제정치사상 연구" (2018), 서울대학교출판문화원
  8. 전재성, "탈식민 국제정치학 이론과 한국", 국제정치논총, 59(4), pp.173~206 (2019), 한국국제정치학회
  9. Baldwin, F, "Without Parallel; the American-Korean Relationship since 1945" (1974), Pantheon
  10. Barkawi, T., "Democracy, Liberalism, and War: Rethinking the Democratic Peace Debate" (2001), Lynne Rienner
  11. Bell, C., "Remembering Hedley" (2008), ANU E Press
  12. Bellamy, A, "Humanitarian Responsibilities and Interventionist Claims in International Society", Review of International Studies, 29(3), pp.321~340 (2003)
  13. Brown, C, "The Development of International Relations Theory in the Uk: Traditions, Contemporary Perspectives, and Trajectories", International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 11(2), pp.309~330 (2011)
  14. Brown, M., "The Perils of Anarchy: Contemporary Realism and International Security" (1995), MIT Press
  15. Bull, H, "Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics" (1966), Allen and Unwin
  16. Bull, H, "International Theory: The Case for a Classical Approach", World politics, 18(3), pp.361~377 (1966)
  17. Bull, H, "Order Vs. Justice in International Society", Political Studies, 19(3), pp.269~283 (1971)
  18. Bull, H, "The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics" (1977), Macmillan
  19. Bull, H, "Hobbes and the International Anarchy", Social Research, 48(4), pp.717~738 (1981)
  20. Buzan, B, "People, States, and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations" (1991), Lynne Reinner
  21. Buzan, B, "The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism" (1993), Columbia University Press
  22. Buzan, B, "The English School: An Underexploited Resource in Ir", Review of International Studies, 27(3), pp.471~488 (2001)
  23. Buzan, B, "From International to World Society?: English School Theory and the Social Structure of Globalisation" (2004), Cambridge University Press
  24. Cha, V. D., "Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies" (2018), Columbia University Press
  25. Cox, R, "Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory", Millennium-Journal of International Studies, 10(2), pp.126~155 (1981)
  26. Cox, R., "The Political Economy of a Plural World: Critical Reflections on Power, Morals and Civilization" (2002), Routledge
  27. Cumings, B, "The Korean War: A History" (2010), Modern Library
  28. Cumings, B., "East Asia and Future Korea in the Galbo Year: 1894 and 2014" (2015), Seoul National University, Seoul: SNU Asia Centre
  29. Dilthey, W, "The Rise of Hermeneutics", New Literary History, 3(2), pp.229~244 (1972)
  30. Dunne, T., "HumanRights in Global Politics" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  31. Durkheim, E, "Montesquieu and Rousseau: Forerunners of Sociology" (1960), University of Michigan Press
  32. Epstein, C, "Stop Telling Us How to Behave: Socialization or Infantilization?", International Studies Perspectives, 13(2), pp.135~145 (2012)
  33. Gilpin, R, "The Political Economy of International Relations" (1987), Princeton University Press
  34. Gilpin, R, "The Theory of Hegemonic War", The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 18(4), pp.591~613 (1988)
  35. Gilpin, R, "Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order" (2001), Princeton University Press
  36. Goldstein, J., "Three-Way Street: Strategic Reciprocity in World Politics" (1990), University of Chicago Press
  37. Gourevitch, P, "The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics", International Organization, 32(4), pp.881~912 (1978)
  38. Grieco, J, "Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism", International Organization, 42(3), pp.485~507 (1988)
  39. Grieco, J, "Cooperation among Nations: Europe, America, and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade" (1990), Cornell University Press
  40. Habermas, J, "On the Logic of the Social Sciences" (1988), Polity Press
  41. Halfpenny, P, "Positivism and Sociology: Explainning Social Life" (2014), Routledge
  42. Hobbes, T, "Leviathan" (1968), Penguin
  43. Hong, Y. -P, "State Security and Regime Security" (2000), Palgrave Macmillan
  44. Horkheimer, M, "Critical Theory: Selected Essays" (1982), Continuum
  45. Horkheimer, M, (1982), Continuum
  46. Hurrell, A, "The Anarchical Society" (2002), Columbia University Press
  47. Husserl, E, "The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy" (1970), Northwestern University Press
  48. Jackson, R, "Pluralism in International Political Theory", Review of International Studies, 18(3), pp.271~281 (1992)
  49. David Kang, "The Soft and Hard Power Politics of North Korea in 2019", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 31(2), pp.193~210 (2019), 한국국방연구원[DOI]
  50. Keohane, R, "After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy" (1984), Princeton University Press
  51. Keohane, R, "Neorealism and Its Critics" (1986), Columbia University Press
  52. Keohane, R, "International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory" (1989), West view Press
  53. Keohane, R, "Neoliberal Institutionalism: A Perspective on World Politics" (1989), Boulder
  54. Keohane, R, "Institutional Theory and the Realist Challenge after the Cold War" (1993), Columbia University Press
  55. Keohane, R, "Whose World Order? Uneven Globalization and the End of the Cold War" (1994), Routledge
  56. Keohane, R., "Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition" (1977), Little, Brown
  57. Kindleberger, C, "The World in Depression: 1929-1939" (1976), University of California Press
  58. King, G., "Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research" (1994), Princeton University Press
  59. Kolko, J., "The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945-1954" (1972), Harper & Row
  60. Krasner, S, "State Power and the Structure of International Trade", World politics, 28(3), pp.317~347 (1976)
  61. Krasner, S, "State Power and the Structure of International Trade", World Politics, 28(3), pp.317~347 (1976)
  62. Marcuse, H., "Reason and Revolution" (1955), Routledge
  63. Marcuse, H, "One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society" (2002), Routledge
  64. Mccumber, J., "Metaphysics and Oppression: Heidegger's Challenge to Western Philosophy" (1999), Indiana University Press
  65. Mearsheimer, J, "The Tragedy of Great Power Politics" (2001), WW Norton & Company
  66. Milner, H, "The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique", Review of International Studies, 17(1), pp.67~85 (1991)
  67. Moravcsik, A., "Federalism and Peace: A Structural Liberal Perspective", Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, pp.123~132 (1996)
  68. Moravcsik, A, "Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics", International Organization, 51(04), pp.513~553 (1997)
  69. Morgenthau, H, "Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace" (1993), McGraw-Hill. Inc
  70. Nagel, E., "Gödel's Proof" (2001), New York University Press
  71. Neufeld, M, "The Restructuring of International Relations Theory" (1995), Cambridge University Press
  72. Nietzsche, F, "Nietzsche:'On the Genealogy of Morality' and Other Writings" (1994), Cambridge University Press
  73. Nye Jr, J., "Understanding International Conflicts" (1993), Harper Collins
  74. "Asia in the Balance" (2011)[URL]
  75. Odysseos, L, "International Relations Theory and Philosophy: Interpretive Dialogue" (2010), Routledge
  76. Popper, K, "The Poverty of Historicism" (1957), the Beacon Press
  77. Powell, R, "Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory", American Political Science Review, 85(4), pp.1303~1320 (1991)
  78. Powell, R, "Anarchy in International Relations Theory: The Neorealist-Neoliberal Debate", International Organization, 48(2), pp.313~344 (1994)
  79. Putnam, R. D, "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games", International organization, 42(3), pp.427~460 (1988)
  80. Rees, D, "Korea: The Limited War" (1964), St. Martin’s
  81. Smelser, N, "Essays in Sociological Explanation" (2013), Quid Pro Books
  82. Smith, S, "International Relations Theory Today" (1995), Pennsylvania State University Press
  83. Smith, S, "International Theory: Positivism and Beyond" (1996), Cambridge University Press
  84. Stueck, W, "The Korean War: An International History" (1997), Princeton University Press
  85. Suzuki, S, "Japan's Socialization into Janus-Faced European International Society", European Journal of International Relations, 11(1), pp.136~167 (2005)
  86. Trigg, R, "Understanding Social Science: A Philosophical Introduction to the Social Sciences" (1985), Basil Blackwell
  87. Turner, J., "The Emergence of Sociological Theory" (2011), SAGE Publications
  88. Vincent, J, "The Hobbesian Tradition in Twentieth Century International Thought", Millennium-Journal of International Studies, 10(2), pp.91~101 (1981)
  89. Vincent, R, "Human Rights and International Relations" (1986), Cambridge University Press
  90. Vincent, R. J, "Human Rights and International Relations" (1986), Cambridge University Press
  91. Wallander, C., "An Institutional Approach to Alliance Theory" (1995), Center for International Affairs
  92. Walt, S, "Why Alliances Endure or Collapse", Survival, 39(1), pp.156~179 (1997)
  93. Walt, S, "Alliances in a Unipolar World", World politics, 61(1), pp.86~120 (2009)
  94. Waltz, K, "Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis" (1959), Columbia University Press
  95. Waltz, K, "The Stability of a Bipolar World", Daedalus, 93(3), pp.881~909 (1964)
  96. Waltz, K, "The Myth of National Interdependence", The International Corporation: A Symposium (1970)
  97. Waltz, K, "Realism and International Politics" (1970), M.I.T. Press
  98. Waltz, K, "Theory of International Politics" (1979), Mcgrow-Hill
  99. Wendt, A, "The Agent-StructureProblem in International Relations Theory", International organization, 41(3), pp.335~370 (1987)
  100. Wendt, A, "Social Theory of International Politics" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  101. Wheeler, N, "Pluralist or Solidarist Conceptions of International Society: Bull and Vincent on Humanitarian Intervention", Millennium, 21(3), pp.463~487 (1992)
  102. Wheeler, N, "Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society" (2000), Oxford University Press
  103. Wheeler, N., "Hedley Bull's Pluralism of the Intellect and Solidarism of the Will", International Affairs  (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 72(1), pp.91~107 (1996)
  104. Wight, M, "Why Is There No International Theory", International Relations, 2(1), pp.35~48 (1960)
  105. Williams, M, "Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration", International Organization, 50(2), pp.213~236 (1996)
  106. Zarakol, A, "What Made the Modern World Hang Together: Socialisation or Stigmatisation", IT, 6(2), pp.311~332 (2014)
  107. Zhang, Y, "Regional International Society in East Asia? A Critical Investigation", Global Discourse, 5(3), pp.360~373 (2015)

관련 논문AI추천

비판적 국제이론과 한반도의 평화과정 -대안적 연구의제의 설정-구갑우통일연구원 · 통일정책연구2002 · 제11권 제1호주류국제정치이론이 지닌 ‘서구 중심성’에 대한 대안적 인식론 논의: 국제사회론의 재구성을 중심으로이유철동아시아국제정치학회 · 국제정치연구2021 · 제24권 제2호탈근대 지구질서와 한반도: 비판이론의 관점에서차태서사회과학연구소 · 사회과학연구2008 · 제16권 제1호영국학파 국제사회론과 근대 동아시아의 국제사회화에 관한 고찰: 동아시아 국제사회론의 구축을 위한 시론장인성한국세계지역학회 · 세계지역연구논총2009 · 제27권 제1호국제정치 연구의 한국적 현실과 대안을 위한 방향 모색박건영, 유진석국제지역연구원 · 아태연구2008 · 제15권 제1호실증주의와 후기실증주의의 중도(via media)?:영국학파 다시보기황영주동아시아국제정치학회 · 국제정치연구2009 · 제12권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)

미디어를 통한 종교적 실천: 인도네시아 샤리아 디지털 경제를 중심으로이지혁pp. 1-20말레이시아 중간국 외교 전략과 중립성김형종pp. 21-38Between Life Permit and Work Permit: Filipino Asylum Seekers and the Refugee Dilemma in South Korea서명교, 로렌 다릴 사레나스pp. 39-56힌두 민족주의의 무슬림 소외화: ‘신성한 소’ 보호와 반무슬림 감정의 연관성을 중심으로상연진pp. 57-72`96 도쿄 세계도시박람회 중지의 딜레마: 개발간담회를 중심으로김은혜pp. 73-92
원문 보기