서구 자유주의의 확산과 쇠퇴: 동아시아적 가치의 재흥과 관련하여
The Liberalism: its Diffusion and Decline
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20세기는 국제정치에서 위기가 지속되는 시대였다. 지금도 위기는 지속되고 있다. 21세기는 위기와 더불어 전환기적 시기이다. 이 논문의 주요한 목적은 역사의 도정에서 우리가 어디쯤 있는지, 더 구체적으로는 자유주의가 외연적 확산을 끝낼 것인지, 만일 그렇다면 그것이 언제쯤 발생할 것인지를 밝혀내는 것이다. 이 논문의 또 다른 목적은 자유주의의 미래를 확인하기 위해 푸찰라의 이데올로기적 세계혁명모델을 이용하는 것이다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위해 이 논문은 4개의 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫번째는 푸찰라의 이데올로기적 세계혁명모델을 개관하는 것이다. 둘째는 언제, 어떻게 자유주의가 세계로 확산되었는지를 확인하는 것이다. 세째, 실제 세계의 해석자로서의 매력은 물론 관용과 자유를 포함하는 핵심적인 가치가 정당성을 잃어버렸는지를 증명하는 것이다. 마지막 부분은 자유주의가 아시아주의, 국가주의 및 무슬림주의와 같은 대안적 이데올로기에 의해 도전 받아왔는지, 21세기에 신유교주의에 의해 압도되어질 것이지로 결론내리고 있다.
Abstract
The twentieth century was an age of continuing crisis in world politics. Crisis continues on our time. This century, therefore, seems to be a time of transition as well as crisis. The primary aim of this paper is to figure out where we are in history and, more specifically, whether or not liberalism will end its external-diffusion to the world and, if so, when it will happen. A further objective here is to use the framework of Puchala’s ideological world revolution to address the future of liberalism. To pursue this goal, this paper is structured in four sections. The first provides an overview of Puchala’s ideological world revolution model. The second seeks to show when and how liberalism began to have outwardly diffused into the world. The third seeks to demonstrate that liberalism has lost its legitimacy of core values including tolerance and liberty as well as its attraction as interpreter of real world. The final section concludes that liberalism has been challenged by alternative ideologies such as Asianism, nationalism and Muslim and will be likely to be overpowered by new Confucianism in this century.
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