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생성형 인공지능의 교육적 도입에 대한 내러티브 검토

Educational Introduction of Generative AI: A Narrative Literature Review

배영권|박판우|신주은
한국정보교육학회 (Korean Association Of Information Education)|2023.12|정보교육학회논문지 (JOURNAL OF The Korean Association of information Education)|제27권 제6호|pp. 665-681

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생성형 인공지능Literature ReviewGenerative AIFuture Education미래 교육문헌 검토생성형 인공지능 교육적 도입내러티브 검토Gen-AINarrative Literature Review

초록

본 연구는 최근 인공지능 기술의 급격한 발달로 주목받는 생성형 인공지능을 교육적으로 도입하기 위한 방향을 제안하는 것을 목표로 57편의 문헌을 내러티브 검토하여 4개의 연구 질문에 답하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 생성형 인공지능을 교육에 도입하려면 교육 방식은 학생 스스로 질문을 만드는 방향으로 바뀌어야 하며 교사는 생성형 인공지능이 만들어낸 학습 자료의 큐레이터 역할을 해야 한다. 평가는 학생의 사고력과 학습 과정을 측정 및 기록하여야 한다. 또 생성형 인공지능 시대에 필요한 새로운 문식성, 비판적 사고, 창의력 등을 향상하기 위한 교육이 필요하다. 생성형 인공지능에 대한 교육계의 반응은 대체로 긍정적이나 학생의 인지적 발달과 자기주도성에 영향을 주지 않도록 신중히 도입해야 한다. 생성형 인공지능을 교육에 도입하는 방법은 학습을 돕는 튜터, 교사의 수업을 돕는 보조 교사, 정보 교과 내용 요소로서의 생성형 인공지능이다. 마지막으로, 생성형 인공지능이 교육에 성공적으로 도입 및 활용되려면 생성형 인공지능의 교육적 파인튜닝, 개방형 학습 자료 공유 플랫폼 및 IT 인프라 구축 지원이 전제되어야 한다.

Abstract

This is a narrative review of the literature about generative AI and education, answering four research questions with the aim of proposing a direction for educational introduction of generative AI, which is drawing attention due to the rapid development of AI technology. In order to introduce generative AI into education, learning methods must be changed in the way that students make questions on themselves, and teachers must act as curators of learning materials generated by AI. Students’ thinking skills and learning process must be recorded and measured for assessments. In addition, education has to help students improve new machine-based or AI literacy needed in the era of generative AI, critical thinking, and creative thinking. Generally, educational communities show positive attitudes toward generative AI, however, it should be introduced carefully so as not to hinder development of students’ cognitive abilities and self-directedness. Three ways to integrate generative AI into education are to use it as a tutor for students’ learning process, to use it as a tool for teachers designing classes and providing feedback, and teaching it as an educational content in an information curriculum. Finally, for generative AI to be successfully integrated in schools, along with fine-tuning of generative AI to be optimized for education, it is prerequisite to make OER platforms used actively and support IT infrastructure in educational institutes financially.

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